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In the ROK and the ROC, the shares of value added in manufacturing decreased from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. [...] The recent patterns of decrease in the value-added shares of manufacturing in these three countries form a contrast to the increasing shares in the ROK and the ROC. [...] In the case of the ROK, the growth rate of labor productivity in the manufacturing sector accelerated even after the ROK’s transition to UMIC. [...] In the cases of the ROK and the ROC, HIGH-INCOME PATHWAYS FOR UMICS | 25 COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF UMICs the rapid increase in labor productivity in the manufacturing sector was accompanied by the productivity increase of other sectors, including agriculture. [...] The labor productivity of each group is calculated as the ratio of the sum of value added of the group’s countries to the sum of employees.