PB I - FEBRUARY 2023

In addition, conflicts of interest among the civil servant (PNS) group are regulated in Ministerial Regulations, such as the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative Reform Number 37 of 2012, Regulation of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education Number 58 of 2016, and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 50 of 2016. [...] This paradigm is in line with the description regarding the concept of conflict of interest in the recommendations of the Council of Europe in the provisions of Article 13 paragraph (1) of the Code of Conduct of Public Officials (2000), which reads as follows: ‘Conflict of interest arises from a situation in which the public official has private interest which is such as to influence, or appear to. [...] In the context of the practice of concurrent positions, the OECD also identifies the practice of concurrent positions as a form of conflict of interest. [...] Regulation of the In contrast to the internal rules at the police institution, the internal Attorney General rules of the Prosecutor’s Office further regulate the procedures for of the Republic of dealing with conflicts of interest by Prosecutor’s Office employees. [...] First, the authors are aware that the five countries have a set of regulations in the context of administration and a code of ethics for public officials regarding the practice of holding concurrent positions within the framework of a conflict of interest.