BIOTECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW

For example, in 2020, the UK’s Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology’s briefing noted the rapid growth of the digital sequence information (DSI) of genetic resources has reduced the demand for physical genetic resources and new governance challenges and opportunities created by the disembodiment of property and knowledge (Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, UK, 2020). [...] Of the five governance themes stated in the implementation plan of Genome UK, the first two were on ‘ethics and maintaining trust’ and ‘engagement and dialogue with patients and the public’ (Department of Health and Social Care et al, 2022). [...] China’s earliest regulation was the 1998 Interim Measures for the Administration of Human Genetic Resources (hereafter Interim Measures) jointly promulgated by China’s Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Health, in response to a series of exploitative Western medical research conducted in China in the 1990s, which came to be known as the ‘Gene War of the Century’ (Shou, 1997; Xi. [...] This precariousness in biosovereignty’s effect lies in the fact that it requires a simultaneous assumption of a right and a duty: the right to set the conditions for the use of biomaterials and associated data, and the duty to ensure that those conditions are intelligible and sensible to the political audience. [...] Beijing: Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Health, China.