Balance of Trade

The balance of trade, commercial balance, or net exports (sometimes symbolized as NX), is the difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports over a certain time period. Sometimes a distinction is made between a balance of trade for goods versus one for services. The balance of trade measures a flow of exports and imports over a given period of time. The notion of the balance of trade does not mean that exports and imports are "in balance" with each other. If a country exports a greater value than it imports, it has a trade surplus or …

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Publications

CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 3 October 2024 English

By targeting specific trade violations rather than balanced flows, global trade policy has been focusing on the wrong outcome. New trade rules are needed to create an international trading system …

limited in how they can be used to shift the balance of trade because of the country’s special role in the ect-database-2023. 30 David Hume, “Of the Balance of Trade,” 1752. https://davidhume.org/texts/pld/bt


IMF: International Monetary Fund · 2 October 2024 English

Portugal achieved a remarkable recovery from the successive shocks that hit the global economy since the pandemic. Growth exceeded the euro area (EA) average. Inflation decelerated fast. The fiscal position …

driven by a significant improvement in the balance of trade in goods and services, including owing to


26 September 2024 English

This exchange is particularly evident in two distinct musical traditions: (a) the pentatonic Amazigh music of the Berber people, found south of the High Atlas, beyond the Anti-Atlas, in the …

indicated a significant deficit in Morocco’s balance of trade for CCI.8 While more recent numbers may reveal


ERIA: Economic Research Institute for ASEAN & East Asia · 25 September 2024 English

SME Policy Index: ASEAN 2024-Enabling Sustainable Growth and Digitalisation

(Decision No. 493/QD-TTg), which sets the balance of trade targets to increase trade networks outside


World Bank Group · 24 September 2024 English

This paper evaluates alternative options for rebating revenues from a unilateral emissions price, focusing on energy-intensive and trade-exposed industries. A theoretical model is developed to demonstrate that conditional rebating policies---which …

accounting equation (5), the differentiated balance-of-trade condition (6), the domestic labor market clearance


World Bank Group · 20 September 2024 English

This paper evaluates alternative options for rebating revenues from a unilateral emissions price, focusing on energy-intensive and trade-exposed industries. A theoretical model is developed to demonstrate that conditional rebating policies---which …

accounting equation (5), the differentiated balance-of-trade condition (6), the domestic labor market clearance


APO: Asian Productivity Organization · 11 September 2024 English

Third, limited participation in the international division of labor, inadequate external investments, and the absence of trade promotion agencies collectively undermine the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector, leading to declines …

19 20 Exports Imports Balance of Trade Linear (Imports) Linear (Balance of Trade) Source: Pakistan Bureau


Cato Institute · 11 September 2024 English

With the U.S. presidential election mere weeks away, tariffs have become a frequent topic of discussion and, unfortunately, an even-more-frequent source of misinformation. (See, for example, last night's debate.) For …

[economists] understand that a nationʼs overall balance of trade is driven not by trade policy measures like


IFRI: Institut Français des Relations Internationales · 9 September 2024 English

For decades, Gulf states have provided crucial financial assistance to Sudan. Gulf interest in Sudan is driven by economic benefits and geopolitical competition, though each country has its own interests …

all Gulf states. Between 2017 and 2021, the balance of trade showed a continuous deficit with Saudi Arabia


World Bank Group · 9 September 2024 English

The number of countries that have announced some type of commitment to net zero emissions has increased very rapidly in recent years, from five in 2018 to over 145 in …

industry • Potential energy security and balance of trade benefi ts (if reduced reliance on imported


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