Commuting

Commuting is periodically recurring travel between one's place of residence and place of work or study, where the traveler leaves the boundary of their home community. It sometimes refers to any regular or often repeated traveling between locations, even when not work-related. The modes of travel, time taken and distance traveled in commuting varies widely across the globe. Most people in least-developed countries continue to walk to work, as the ancestors of all people did until the nineteenth century. The cheapest method of commuting after walking is usually by bicycle, so this is common in low-income countries, but is also …

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Publications

ADB: Asian Development Bank · 13 November 2024 English

This report assesses how Indian ADB-backed projects to construct and upgrade some 45,000 km of rural roads are improving connectivity, opening socioeconomic opportunities, and transforming communities.

teachers, and childcare workers have even started commuting by bicycles and personal vehicles, saving valuable access medical facilities due to excessively long commuting time or a lack of the necessary drugs, equipment


IADB: Inter-American Development Bank · 11 November 2024 English

As mudanças climáticas representam tanto uma ameaça crítica quanto uma oportunidade única de progresso na América Latina e no Caribe. Este livro se aprofunda nessa dupla realidade, mostrando que a …

infrastructure that exacerbates climate risk or makes commuting in transit inconvenient; and pricing schemes


IADB: Inter-American Development Bank · 11 November 2024 English

Climate change presents both a critical threat and a unique opportunity for progress in Latin America and the Caribbean. This book delves into this dual reality, showing that climate action …

infrastructure that exacerbates climate risk or makes commuting in transit inconvenient; and pricing schemes


World Bank Group · 11 November 2024 English

Argentina faces persistently high poverty rates, which have shown an upward trend in recent years, despite increased resources aimed at mitigating poverty.

home over better opportunities that required commuting. Mobility data from Greater Buenos Aires indicate


IADB: Inter-American Development Bank · 11 November 2024 English

El cambio climático representa tanto una amenaza crítica como una oportunidad única para el progreso de América Latina y el Caribe. Este libro profundiza en esta doble realidad, mostrando que …

infrastructure that exacerbates climate risk or makes commuting in transit inconvenient; and pricing schemes


NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 7 November 2024 English

The Trump Administration's tariffs created a wedge between mutually beneficial trades between China's producers and U.S. consumers. Moving production to nearby Vietnam allows firms to jump the tariff wall. Within …

Growing locations may show surging demand for commuting, transportation, and other activities. Unobserved


NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 7 November 2024 English

This paper studies the effect of nonlinear pricing on markups and misallocation. We develop a general equilibrium model of firms that are allowed to set a quantity-dependent pricing schedule—contrary to …

top four firms selling a product category in a commuting zone was 17% lower in 1982 compared to 2012. 48The


NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 7 November 2024 English

by globalization and technology. Among the insights from this research are the role of goods and commuting market access in determining location choices; the conditions under which the location of economic

from this research are the role of goods and commuting market access in determining location choices; distance, travel time, trade flows, migration flows, commuting flows). In other respects, spatial economics is and migration are more salient. Within cities, commuting (the separation of residence and workplace) and forces also take a number of forms, including commuting costs, immobile factors of production such as the separation of residence and work- place (commuting) and the separation of residence and consumption


NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 7 November 2024 English

This paper reviews recent quantitative urban models. These models are sufficiently rich to capture observed features of the data, such as many asymmetric locations and a rich geography of the …

dominant mechanisms of interaction. Within cities, commuting (the separation of residence and workplace) and buildings incur greater construction costs, and commuting involves real resource and time costs. More broadly workers face commuting costs in travelling to work there. As a result of these commuting costs, the most land prices further from the CBD with higher commuting costs. In such an equilibrium, land prices exhibit from further away. 2.3 Workers and Residents Commuting allows workers to separate their residence and


Centre for Cities · 6 November 2024 English

The Government is correct to see devolution within England as a priority and at the centre of their strategy on the economy and public services reform. [...] Economic geography should …

Travel to Work Areas (HS-TTWAs) – essentially the commuting areas of higher skilled workers – are the best


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