Commuting

Commuting is periodically recurring travel between one's place of residence and place of work or study, where the traveler leaves the boundary of their home community. It sometimes refers to any regular or often repeated traveling between locations, even when not work-related. The modes of travel, time taken and distance traveled in commuting varies widely across the globe. Most people in least-developed countries continue to walk to work, as the ancestors of all people did until the nineteenth century. The cheapest method of commuting after walking is usually by bicycle, so this is common in low-income countries, but is also …

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Publications

Centre for Cities · 6 November 2024 English

The Government is correct to see devolution within England as a priority and at the centre of their strategy on the economy and public services reform. [...] Economic geography should …

Travel to Work Areas (HS-TTWAs) – essentially the commuting areas of higher skilled workers – are the best


UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme · 6 November 2024 English

For Patience Ataliba, who lives in the Ugandan capital of Kampala, commuting was once a harrowing affair. The 23-year-old student and climate activist often had to dodge cars, motorcycles and three-wheeled

who lives in the Ugandan capital of Kampala, commuting was once a harrowing affair. The 23-year-old student Health benefits are also significant: active commuting lowers cardiovascular disease risk by 10 per cent


World Bank Group · 5 November 2024 English

individuals to spend additional time and money commuting to alternative sites, increasing financial and additional cost or result in more time spent for commuting - Presentation of project, timeframes, WBs additional cost or result in more time spent for commuting - Presentation of project, timeframes, WBs


UN-Habitat: UN Human Settlements Programme · 4 November 2024 English

The global temperature for 2023 was about 1.48°C above the pre-industrial the urgency of action, given the devastating impacts of climate 1850-1900 baseline, with the nine years between 2015 and …

component as Very significant urban component commuting occurs in urban areas. since most consumption


World Bank Group · 4 November 2024 English

(Place de la Republique) within 60 minutes commuting period using public transport (Percentage)


IMF: International Monetary Fund · 1 November 2024 English

The document presents an innovative analysis of ethanol demand, emphasizing the significant role of spatially differentiated fuel retailers in shaping consumer preferences and fuel-switching behavior. Utilizing a nested logit model …

consumption without considering idiosyncrasies such as commuting paths and fuel retailers' locations. Even so, INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 6 concludes that commuting behavior affects retailers' competition and gasoline preferences associated with the location and commuting paths, as Houde (2012) detailed. Therefore, spatially


NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 1 November 2024

How does economic modernization affect group identity? Modernization theory emphasizes how labor migration led to the adoption of common identities. Yet economic development may reduce incentives to emigrate, preserving local …

models can rationalize observed migration and commuting flows, and, when calibrated to observed data,


NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 1 November 2024 English

Using confidential administrative data from the U.S. Census Bureau we revisit how the rise in Chinese import penetration has reshaped U.S. local labor markets. Local labor markets more exposed to …

Autor et al. (2021) among others and exploit Commuting Zone (CZ) variations in the exposure to Chinese many others thereafter, we use the concept of commuting zone (CZ) for defining local labor markets (Tolbert We define employment growth in industry i and commuting-zone c over time period τ as gicτ = Eict+τ − Eic of industries is around 400 and the number of commuting zones is over 700, this issue should not be a therefore contains about 700 (rounded) observations (commuting zones) of 10-year growth rates. An alternative


UNAMA: United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan · 31 October 2024 English

from the UN Security Council.2 • Inspectors of de facto Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Law on Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice are responsible for …

a mahram when because women vendors were not commuting to and from work at the hospital. wearing proper


Climate Council · 29 October 2024 English

Coal, oil and gas are polluting our climate, and our air The vast majority of human-caused air Using coal, oil or gas to power our cars, pollution - including 85% …

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Jan;145(1):119- commuting style for dropping-off and picking-up of 126.e4


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