Fertilization

Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a new individual organism or offspring and initiate its development. Processes such as insemination or pollination which happen before the fusion of gametes are also sometimes informally called fertilization. The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction. During double fertilisation in angiosperms the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation.

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PIK: Potsdam-Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung · 16 November 2023 English

Adaptivity is a dynamical feature that is omnipresent in nature, socio-economics, and technology. For example, adaptive couplings appear in various real-world systems, such as the power grid, social, and neural …

fields, as concep- tualized in Fig. 1, cross-fertilization between different disciplines is hardly promoted


USAID: United States Agency for International Development · 15 November 2023 English

Continuing Progress Beyond Programs

the clinics will be peer learning and cross-fertilization of ideas on ways to implement USAID is committed


World Bank Group · 15 November 2023 English

Implementation of GAP Code (Land & Pasture Management, Fertilization Management, Irrigation Management, Pesticide


USGCRP: United States Global Change Research Program · 14 November 2023 English

The Fifth National Climate Assessment is the US Government’s preeminent report on climate change impacts, risks, and responses. It is a congressionally mandated interagency effort that provides the scientific foundation …

of longer growing seasons and increased CO2 fertilization. {11.1, 19.1, 21.1, 22.4, 23.3, 24.1, 26.2}


UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change · 14 November 2023 English

This report on long-term low-emission development strategies synthesizes information from the 68 latest available long-term low-emission development strategies, representing 75 Parties to the Paris Agreement, submitted to the secretariat as …

anthropogenically induced sinks (also referred to as CO2 fertilization effect). Note that land-use emissions are generally


World Bank Group · 14 November 2023 English

products, new varieties, technology, soil, water, fertilization etc.). The sub-component will support the


UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change · 14 November 2023 English

This report synthesizes information from the 168 latest available nationally determined contributions communicated by 195 Parties to the Paris Agreement and recorded in the registry of nationally determined contributions as …

anthropogenically induced sinks (also referred to as CO2 fertilization effect). Note that land-use emissions are generally


World Bank Group · 13 November 2023 English

products, new varieties, technology, soil, water, fertilization etc.). The sub-component will support the


World Bank Group · 10 November 2023 English

sowing, planting, grafting, pruning, irrigation, fertilization, harvesting, threshing, spolia, cleaning, preparation


PIK: Potsdam-Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung · 9 November 2023 English

Simultaneous harvest failures across major crop-producing regions are a threat to global food security. Concurrent weather extremes driven by a strongly meandering jet stream could trigger such events, but so …

production include the magnitude of the CO2 fertilization effect and general changes in the hydrologic


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