Income Distribution
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Classical economists such as Adam Smith (1723-1790), Thomas Malthus (1766-1834), and David Ricardo (1772-1823) concentrated their attention on factor income-distribution, that is, the distribution of income between the primary factors of production ( land, labour and capital). Modern economists have also addressed issues of income distribution, but have focussed more on the distribution of income across individuals and households. Important theoretical and policy concerns include the balance between income …
WikipediaPublications
World Bank Group · 14 November 2024 English
The Tunisian economy experienced a modest growth of 0.6 percent in the first half of 2024, following zero growth in 2023. By the end of 2024, Tunisia is projected to …
percent for the bottom quintile of the income distribution and 27.2 percent for the top quintile. FiGuRE …
The Aspen Institute · 14 November 2024 English
Personal wealth—savings and assets minus debts—is a central component of household financial security for families at all income levels. Obtaining homeownership is frequently and justifiably viewed as a primary way …
before the pandemic-era income supports. The income distribution of renters has generally shifted upwards … Recent research found that renters across the income distribution are saving less and the majority of renters …
World Bank Group · 13 November 2024 English
This Knowledge Note aims to document National Tax and Customs Authority's (DIAN's) experience in sex-disaggregating income taxpayer data and provide examples of the use of disaggregated data for policy analysis. …
of the statistics on gender wage gaps and income distribution in Colombia are calculated using household … income gaps, particularly at the top of the income distribution.2 This Knowledge Note aims to document … insights on the gender difference in the income distribution and incomes of high-net worth individuals …
World Bank Group · 12 November 2024 English
The Tunisian economy experienced a modest growth of 0.6 percent in the first half of 2024, following zero growth in 2023. By the end of 2024, Tunisia is projected to …
percent for the bottom quintile of the income distribution and 27.2 percent for the top quintile. FiGuRE …
ADB: Asian Development Bank · 11 November 2024 English
This report considers how finance and planning ministries can respond strategically to climate risk, highlighting best practices from Southeast Asia and identifying crosscutting priorities.
Changes in employment patterns • Changes in income distribution • Investment in resilient and low carbon … Changes in employment patterns • Changes in income distribution • Shift in revenue (e.g., natural resource …
World Bank Group · 11 November 2024 English
Argentina faces persistently high poverty rates, which have shown an upward trend in recent years, despite increased resources aimed at mitigating poverty.
population, the labor market, living conditions, income distribution, and poverty. The EPH provides quarterly … the income distribution refers to the population in quintiles 1 and 2 of the income distribution. ‘Vulnerable … the income distribution refers to the population in quintiles 1 and 2 of the income distribution. Barrios … lower among those at the bottom of the income distribution. Between 2013 and 2018, significant improvements … income, is limited at the lower end of the income distribution. Data on land use show that about 250,000 …
World Bank Group · 8 November 2024 English
This work aims to offer a strategic approach to policymakers when undertaking digital transformation reforms in education and skills development systems, with a focus on “how.” It builds on the …
Notes: * Demographics, gender, social norms, income distribution, national wealth, economic growth and productivity …
NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 7 November 2024 English
Analysis of population aging is typically framed in terms of chronological age. However, chronological age itself is not necessarily deeply informative about the aging process. This paper reviews literature and …
“Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution,” Journal of Political Economy, 66, 281–302 …
Urban Institute · 7 November 2024 English
The Saver's Match, a provision of the Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement 2.0 Act (SECURE 2.0), is designed to save in qualified retirement savings accounts through a match …
subsidies accrue to the top 40 percent of the income distribution, while the bottom 20 percent receive 0.4 …
World Bank Group · 7 November 2024 English
Croatia is a high-income country with solid macroeconomic fundamentals, which has contributed to the country’s accelerated income convergence with the rest of the EU in recent years. The sustained inflow …
households in the bottom quintile of the income distribution. 11 World Bank (2023b). 12 At the same … refers to those in the bottom quintile of the income distribution. 16 World Bank staff calculation based on … refers to those in the bottom quintile of the income distribution.42 croatia systematic country diagnostic …