Nineteenth Century

The 19th (nineteenth) century began on January 1, 1801, and ended on December 31, 1900. The term is often used to refer to the 1800s, the century between January 1, 1800 and December 31, 1899. The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century saw large amounts of social change; slavery was abolished, and the First and Second Industrial Revolutions (which also overlap with the 18th and 20th centuries, respectively) led to massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit and prosperity. The Islamic gunpowder empires were formally dissolved and European imperialism brought much …

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Publications

CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 18 April 2024 English

Despite embracing democracy, radical-right parties pose a significant challenge to the EU’s fundamental values. European leaders and institutions must address this challenge to safeguard democracy in the EU and ensure …

party Revival. The name refers to Bulgaria’s nineteenth-century revival of a national consciousness, cultural


AAN_AF: Afghanistan Analysts Network · 18 April 2024 English

The first quarrel dates back to 1947 when newly-created Pakistan was set to join the United Nations as an independent state and Afghanistan voted against its membership.6 However, long before …

See Christine Noelle, ‘State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan’, pp163-190. 5 The Durand Line


RAND Corporation · 10 April 2024 English

Rivalries, especially with China, promise to define U.S. foreign policy and national security challenges for decades. The authors identify historical modes of strategic success and failure in great power rivalries …

scholar Kathleen Burk explains, “from the late nineteenth century on, Great Britain repeatedly tried to convince Morcos, 2021. 29 Paul W. Schroeder, “The Nineteenth Century System: Balance of Power or Political Equilibrium


CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 9 April 2024 English

Collectively, a group of emerging powers in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East are growing in their geopolitical weight and diplomatic ambition. How closely do they align with …

dominated by European colonial powers in the nineteenth century and thus has an understanding of how colonialism


AEI: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research · 8 April 2024 English

September 1787. 1 We have been trying to keep it ever since. For Alexis de Tocqueville in the early nineteenth century, democracy was the nation’s defining characteristic, giving him the title of his most famous

since. For Alexis de Tocqueville in the early nineteenth century, democracy was the nation’s defining characteristic


NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 4 April 2024 English

How do majority groups respond to a narrowing of inequality in racially polarized environments? We study this question by examining the effects of the Freedmen’s Bureau, an agency created after …

of Steamboat-Navigated Rivers During the Nineteenth Century in the United States.” https://my.vanderbilt


EAC: Centre d'action écologique · 27 March 2024 English

Also known as the per- be, “How much do you sup- suasion rate, this difference in port the government taking rating can test the effective- more action to move us …

planet moves away ers gain experience in door- nineteenth century, coal from carbon-based energy to-door canvassing


FPRI: Foreign Policy Research Institute · 26 March 2024 English

Consider the following pieces of a puzzle. Russia’s war against Ukraine has revealed stories about the heroic resistance efforts of Ukrainian women: from a

standards that Europe had shed by the end of the nineteenth century.12 In Putin’s Russia women have been officially


Nordic Co-operation | Nordic Council & Nordic Council of Ministers · 26 March 2024 English

This chapter revisits the concept of the media welfare state, a term we coined a decade ago (with fourth author Ole Mjøs). The concept highlighted how welfare state principles influenced …

about electric communication in the late nineteenth century. Oxford University Press. Maxwell, R., &


Nordic Co-operation | Nordic Council & Nordic Council of Ministers · 26 March 2024 English

This chapter introduces rurality-TV as a genre, and we discuss how public service media, through this genre, contributes to symbolically resolving tensions between the rural and the urban, and we …

transcendentalist’s movement of the late nineteenth century (High, 1986). However, in their Nobel Prize


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