Ozone

Ozone (), or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula O3. It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope O2, breaking down in the lower atmosphere to O2 (dioxygen). Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet (UV) light and electrical discharges within the Earth's atmosphere. It is present in very low concentrations throughout the latter, with its highest concentration high in the ozone layer of the stratosphere, which absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Ozone's …

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Publications

World Bank Group · 17 July 2024 English

sources with no soot and low CO2, a principal ozone depletion gas. Therefore, there will be no significant


CSE: Centre for Science and Environment · 16 July 2024 English

These include effectiveness of the metrics adopted for assessing performance-linked funding in cities; capability and preparedness of the cities to frame the scope of action and coordinate implementation of multi-sector …

pollution. Moreover, in 2021, nearly 50 per cent of all ozone-related chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) improvement needs to combine PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. Adopt standardized protocol for air quality trend


World Bank Group · 12 July 2024 English

This paper analyzes several existing approaches and data platforms for assessing nature-related financial risk in the East Asia and Pacific region and examines the current level of disclosure by companies …

expressed as a weighted average — Metric tons of ozone-depleting substances equivalent per €1 million


NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 11 July 2024 English

Using the quasi-random assignment of 760,000 children in U.S. military families, we show that neighborhood attributes experienced during childhood have powerful impacts on SAT scores, college-going and earnings. For earnings …

2023), the adverse health effects of exposure to ozone (Lleras-Muney, 2010b), the effects on financial or


NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 11 July 2024 English

Although corporate finance theory suggests how adverse shocks influence shareholder preferences toward corporate risk-taking and executive compensation, few researchers explore this relationship empirically. We construct a firm-year measure of unexpected …

Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone. These designations can change over time. For example environmental regulations that increase production costs on ozone-emitting facilities in such “treated” counties (Becker cross-county distribution of plants, depends on ozone emissions. Specifically, nonattainment designations designations only intensify the regulation of ozone-emitting plants, and the impact of those regulations on plants’ production costs is positively related to each plant’s ozone emissions. We exploit this setting to explore the


CIGS: Canon Institute for Global Studies · 1 July 2024 English

Reception of Modern European International Law 4 : Passive Acceptance of International Law In the period of Japan’s reception of modern European international law, the salient feature was the passive …

ensured. A similar situation is found in the case of ozone layer protection. Article 2 of the 1985 Vienna Convention Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer59 prescribes for 57 The treaty is available at: https://legal the general obligation of the protection of the ozone layer.60 It reads: 1. The Parties shall take appropriate activities which modify or are likely to modify the ozone layer. 2. To this end the Parties shall, in accordance from modification or likely modification of the ozone layer (emphasis added); 60 To concretely determine


CSEP: Centre for Social and Economic Progress · 27 June 2024 English

The heating up of the Earth is just the beginning of the devastating effects of wider climate change. [...] Under the third meeting of the COP Despite the negative reputation …

dioxide, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases, and ozone in the troposphere (the atmosphere up to 15 kilometres kilometres from the earth’s surface). However, ozone mole- cules in the stratosphere (the atmosphere above adverse events. meeting in Montreal to address ozone gas (GHG) emissions The issues of global warming have already begun to be felt. ozone layer. These substances, known as ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) current climate change crisis.  The Nairobi-based Ozone Secretariat Assessment Report confirmed that (COP3)


ADB: Asian Development Bank · 27 June 2024 English

hydrofluorocarbons as refrigerants, which deplete the ozone layer and have global warming potential several


World Bank Group · 27 June 2024 English

PLAN (Textual Part) Project information: Jordan Ozone Depleting Substances HCFC Phase-Out (ODS3) Phase IC 0.4 M Page 1 PROCUREMENT PLAN Jordan : Jordan Ozone Depleting Substances HCFC Phase-Out Project (ODS3) Project ID: P127702 GPN Date: Project Name: Jordan Ozone Depleting Substances HCFC Phase-Out Project (ODS3)


Cato Institute · 26 June 2024 English

In the last few years, a growing contingent of advocates who loosely organize under the "Yes In My Backyard" (YIMBY) banner have had some success in removing legislative and regulatory …

directive, and the EPA removed Maine from the Ozone Transport Region based on Maine’s progress in


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