Terms of Trade

Financial sector reforms are part of the strategies that countries follow to exit from fragility, but the content and focus of these reforms and the priority they are given relative …

financial policies, a sharp deterioration in the terms of trade, and a drought, leading to a spike of year-on-year … succession of droughts and a deterioration of the terms of trade after 1978 resulted in rising fiscal imbalances …

The economy contracted in 2023 due to high energy prices and interest rates. Headline inflation has fallen sharply as end-user energy prices have stabilized, but core inflation remains somewhat stickier, …

and a broader measure of competitiveness—the terms-of-trade—returned to 2021 levels (Text Figure 3, left) … Wholesale natural gas price Terms-of-trade (RHS) Gas Prices and Terms of Trade (LHS: Euros per megawatt-hour … benefit in the near term from the improved terms-of-trade and continued fulfilment of order backlogs …

The development of the Punjab economy, as driven by the evolution of the GR and its impacts on the wider economy, has resulted in a mixed picture regarding growth of …

agricultural growth, as did the agricultural terms of trade.12 Furthermore, this was found to be a stable … industry for Punjab was used to measure the terms of trade. Page | 11 12 | India Policy Forum 2024 al …

The U.S. economy has turned in a remarkable performance over the past few years. Hysteresis effects from the pandemic did not materialize and both activity and employment now exceed pre-pandemic …

U.S. has seen a material improvement in its terms of trade since end-2019 which supported aggregate demand … position of the U.S. and improvements in the terms of trade (as the U.S. has become a net energy exporter) …

country pairs with deep trade agreements, and products with consumption externalities. A simple terms-of-trade model demonstrates how the welfare-maximizing government may mix trade policies to reduce consumption …

products with consumption externalities. A simple terms- of-trade model demonstrates how the welfare-maximizing … empirical findings, this paper presents a simple terms-of-trade model built on Ederington (2001). In this model … imports and depress the world price, leading to terms-of-trade gains. Furthermore, NTMs also improve social … consumption externality, in addition to achieving terms-of-trade gains, which serves as a rationale for government … rest of the paper, we will develop a simple terms-of-trade model to explain how these different characteristics …

The Canadian economy appears to have achieved a soft landing: inflation has come down almost to target, while a recession has been avoided, with GDP growth cushioned by surging immigration …

8 -0.8 1.6 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.8 4.5 Terms of trade -3.3 13.4 4.7 -6.0 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 … percent of GDP in 2023 on account of weakening terms of trade, as energy prices normalized after the initial … shocks—from stronger US growth or more favorable terms of trade—would also warrant tighter policy settings …

Global supply chains recently faced widespread disruptions. The COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions in 2021 and 2022, while in late 2023, geopolitical incidents in the Red Sea and water shortages …

early 2020 to March 2022, as expressed in terms of trade capacity (measured in TEUs, Figure 5). This …

Financial sector reforms are part of the strategies that countries follow to exit from fragility, but the content and focus of these reforms and the priority they are given relative …

financial policies, a sharp deterioration in the terms of trade, and a drought, leading to a spike of year-on-year … succession of droughts and a deterioration of the terms of trade after 1978 resulted in rising fiscal imbalances …

The Chad Economic Update is a World Bank report series produced once a year, that assesses recent economic and social developments and prospects in Chad. The Economic Update also provides …

generate a trade surplus, due to adverse terms of trade. Accordingly, the current account deficit …

The Iran Economic Monitor (IEM) provides an update on key economic developments and policies. It examines these economic developments and policies in a longer-term and global context and assesses their …

external accounts even more susceptible to terms of trade shocks and the demand of key partners. Recent …