Viruses

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 6,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of …

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WHO: World Health Organization · 22 March 2024 French

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February and September each year to recommend viruses for inclusion in influ- enza vaccines2 for the same reporting period in 2023. The predominant viruses varied among zones and between countries (Map (Map 1). In Africa, influenza A and B viruses co-circulated, with predominance of influenza A and roughly A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. In Eastern Africa, influenza A predominated, with primarily A(H3N2) viruses detected; influenza B/Victoria/2/87 (B/Victoria) lineage viruses detected at the start of the reporting period


RAND Corporation · 22 March 2024 English

The cover story summarizes RAND's Climate Change and Conflict project, which explores planning implications for U.S. Central Command. The Q&A with David Ochmanek explores how to reverse the erosion of …

unlock new crops, new drugs and vaccines—or new viruses. But a recent RAND study warned that policymakers in a Large-Scale Attack ture on research into viruses, all of which was available online. The organizers


WHO: World Health Organization · 22 March 2024 French

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February and September each year to recommend viruses for inclusion in influ- enza vaccines2 for the same reporting period in 2023. The predominant viruses varied among zones and between countries (Map (Map 1). In Africa, influenza A and B viruses co-circulated, with predominance of influenza A and roughly A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. In Eastern Africa, influenza A predominated, with primarily A(H3N2) viruses detected; influenza B/Victoria/2/87 (B/Victoria) lineage viruses detected at the start of the reporting period


CAFS: Center for Agriculture and Food Systems · 22 March 2024 English

Learn about current approaches and potential policy pathways for protecting pollinator populations in the United States.

Varroa mites also transmit an array of pathogenic viruses to bees, making them among the greatest threats Varroa mites also transmit an array of pathogenic viruses to bees, making them among the greatest threats


Australian Energy Market Operator · 21 March 2024 English

Billing Period means the period commencing at the start of the Gas Day starting on the first day of the month and ending at the end of the Gas Day …

is free from any computer viruses; and (iii) ensure that no computer viruses or malicious software is


CEP: Centro de Estudios Públicos · 20 March 2024

Some relevant elements that may combine in composing the apocalypse are the distinction of periods or eras, the linear notion of time, a vision of future events, the feeling of …

2023). Poten_al risks at this level encompass viruses, failure of nuclear deterrence systems, and control


CSE: Centre for Science and Environment · 18 March 2024 English

To address the slow progress of the SATAT scheme, the government issued guidelines in November 2021 allowing the co-mingling of CBG in the total domestic gas supplied to the CNG …

resources. The organic content in MSW attracts viruses, bacteria and various pathogens, potentially causing


WHO: World Health Organization · 15 March 2024 French

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immunity following infection or vaccination, mumps viruses continue to circulate globally. As with rubella antigenic relatedness between the bat and human viruses as polyclonal antibodies in bat sera recognize monotypic but distinct lineages of wild-type mumps viruses have been described. The genotype assignment for rubula- and rela- ted viruses in Egyptian Rousette bats from South Africa. Viruses. 2019;11:37. doi: 10 rubula- and related viruses in Egyptian Rousette bats from South Africa. Viruses. 2019;11:37. doi: 10


WHO: World Health Organization · 15 March 2024 French

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immunity following infection or vaccination, mumps viruses continue to circulate globally. As with rubella antigenic relatedness between the bat and human viruses as polyclonal antibodies in bat sera recognize monotypic but distinct lineages of wild-type mumps viruses have been described. The genotype assignment for rubula- and rela- ted viruses in Egyptian Rousette bats from South Africa. Viruses. 2019;11:37. doi: 10 rubula- and related viruses in Egyptian Rousette bats from South Africa. Viruses. 2019;11:37. doi: 10


World Bank Group · 14 March 2024 English

suspected to contain pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses,) in sufficient concentration or quantity to cause


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