23-07061 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT

The Conference represents the leaders of America’s largest cities, and its members play a critical role in combatting the dangers of gun violence. [...] 7 viii USCA Case #23-7061 Document #2023699 Filed: 10/25/2023 Page 10 of 33 IDENTITY, INTEREST, AND SOURCE OF AUTHORITY The Conference is the official non-partisan organization of the more than 1,400 United States cities with populations of 30,000 or more. [...] Its members suffer a disproportionate share of gun violence in the United States and have a common interest in maintaining the flexibility to address this problem in the manner local officials determine to be most effective and appropriate. [...] Even assuming that the possession of large-capacity magazines is covered by the plain text of the Second Amendment,2 these magazines nevertheless represent the kind of “dramatic technological change[]” that Bruen contemplated. [...] At the state level, “the rate of high-fatality mass shootings per capita was 2.3 times higher in states without [a large-capacity magazine] ban” than it was in States with such a ban.23 And at the local level, cities like New York have seen success with the implementation of new firearms regulations aimed at curbing gun violence.24 The success of these regulations demonstrates the need for the kin.