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Universal services Proposals for developing a range of universal services are set out elsewhere, drawing on examples of good practice in the UK and across Europe.3 The aim is to improve services that already exist, such as healthcare and schools, and to extend collective measures to areas where basic needs are not met universally or sufficiently – including housing, domestic energy, childcare, adu. [...] Investment of public funds Estimates of what it would cost to deliver more and better services, with a review of proposals for raising the necessary funds can be found elsewhere.4 A key point here is that this is not just public spending, but an essential investment in the social infrastructure, without which everyday life and the economy would grind to a halt. [...] 11 12 Meeting needs within limits UBS is grounded in the concept of a “safe and just space for humanity”10 and the closely related idea of sustainable “consumption corridors” between a social floor and an ecological ceiling.11 It seeks to realise this vision by: Endorsing globally agreed targets for cutting GHG emissions and safeguarding planetary boundaries. [...] These insist that ending poverty and deprivation must go hand-in-hand with strategies to improve health and education, and reduce inequality and promote economic prosperity, at the same time as “tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests”.12 When the IPCC reviewed evidence on demand- 12 13 Meeting needs within limits side measures, services and social aspects of climate. [...] In many countries, the richest 10% cause up to 40 times more carbon emissions than the poorest 10%.28 At the extremes, the figures are even more shocking; according to Oxfam, the richest 1% is responsible for more carbon emissions than the poorest 66%.29 Oxfam warns of “dire consequences for vulnerable communities and global efforts to tackle the climate emergency” and calls for “fair taxation of.