Sino-Russian Relations Amid the War in Ukraine and Their Reassessment of the International Order

Sino-Russian Relations Amid the War in Ukraine: Their Reassessment of the International Order | 85 The Indo-Pacific Region in the International Order Both Russia and China have concentrated for a decade on reconstructing the architecture of Asia in line with their respective visions of transforming the international order. [...] designs for regional reorganization, such as the “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” (FOIP), it has been much more difficult to agree on India’s importance in the new framework, on ASEAN’s centrality and pursuit of balanced great power relations, on the role of freedom of navigation and the name of the Northern Sea Route, and on the functions of the SCO. [...] China’s response to the conflict has demonstrated both the clear limits of the Sino-Russian partnership, and the resilience of the relationship. [...] Both Xi and India’s prime minister Narendra Modi signed up to a joint statement with Putin, along with the leaders of Brazil and South Africa, at the BRICS summit of emerging economies in June, which stressed the importance of respect for the “sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states” and their commitment to the “peaceful settlement of crises,” ignoring the fact that Russia troops were. [...] promotion of NATO’s eastward expansion and the squeezing of Russia’s strategic space.” As he characterized it, the war was “of a hegemonic and anti-hegemonic nature and is also a battle between the old and new systems in the bigger context of an international power transfer.”42 The other key dimension in which China’s response to the war has been notable, and perhaps most unequivocally supportive.