Universal health coverage - as a crucial pillar for - social protection

To streamline the definition of access to essential services, the ILO identified the following criteria: availability of services, accessibility of services, acceptability in the country context, and decent quality (ibid). [...] The Constitution of Tunisia enshrines the right to healthcare in Article 38 by guaranteeing preventive healthcare and treatment for every citizen and ensuring the safety and quality of health services. [...] The Ministry of Public Health is primarily responsible for health affairs in the country, while the Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie (CNAM or the National Health Insurance Fund), is the non-administrative institution responsible for providing a basic health insurance coverage for the whole population (Republic of Tunisia, 2004). [...] According to a study conducted among Tunisian regional hospital directors, decentralization of the healthcare system in Tunisia is expected to reduce the inequities between the different territories in terms of access to services and their availability, the quality of the provided services, and optimization of health outcomes (Giusti et al., 2023). [...] The most significant development in Ghana’s healthcare system was the establishment of the NHIS (National Health Insurance Scheme) in 2003 with the goal of providing access to healthcare services for all residents of Ghana.