Power Dynamics in African Forests; The Politics of Global Sustainability; First Edition

2006), and thus collected data related to: (i) the management applied to the PA and its impacts and (ii) the socio-economic and political context influencing the management of the Menabe- Antimena PA. [...] The first step of the analysis is to identify and understand the action situation where different actors interact and engage in a series of actions framed by norms, conventions, formal and informal rules, in order to understand the patterns of interaction that have led to the outcomes 194 Alexandra Rasoamanana, Roland Frédéric Tahina, and Charlie J. [...] The last two steps are to (i) identify the contextual variables affecting the action situation (the biophysical conditions, attributes of the community, and rules-in-use) that contribute to the outcomes observed, and (ii) conceptualise the complex links between the components of the system (Ostrom 2011). [...] Visit of key govern- Prime minister and minister of the environment and sustainable mental officials development visited the villagers and key actors involved in the PA governance to increase visibility on the deforestation issue in the area. [...] Thus, although the protected area con tains the Avenue of Baobabs (the most widely photographed image of Mada gascar) and sustains much of the region’s tourism industry, the enforcement of PA-related laws is not prioritised by local and regional authorities, the Ministry of Agriculture does not incorporate the PA into its planning, and important actors across the region fail to value the PA or s.