The Far Reach of Justice:

Germany • German lawmakers must pass the draft law on the further development of international law that was announced in July 2023—expanding and improving on the definition of crimes included in the Code of Crimes against International Law; strengthening victims’ rights; and prioritizing the dissemination of news related to important cases in relevant languages. [...] 9 INTRODUCTION In the aftermath of Mahsa Jina Amini’s death in September 2022 at the hands of the IRI’s morality police, and the IRI’s subsequent crackdown and assault on peaceful protestors and dissidents, there has been a groundswell of interest in finding new pathways to hold the IRI regime accountable for both historic and ongoing atrocity crimes and gross human rights violations. [...] 16 (providing the French version of the law); “Briefing Paper: Universal Jurisdiction Law and Practice in Belgium,” 37–38; United Nations General Assembly, “Sixty-Eight Session of the General Assembly, Sixth Committee, Review of the Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of Its Sixty-Fifth Session, Comments of Belgium on the Topic ‘Immunity of State officials from Foreign Criminal. [...] • Belgian politicians should consider withdrawing from the July 2022 MLAT with Iran (according to the provisions laid out in the treaty to do so).127 • Belgian lawmakers should, in the planned reforms to the Criminal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure, consider removing the requirement that cases have a Belgian connection, in line with the full potential of universal jurisdiction. [...] Framework England and Wales have universal jurisdiction over the crimes of torture pursuant to the Criminal Justice Act 1988 and grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions pursuant to the Geneva Conventions Act 1957.130 Under the International Criminal Court Act 2001 (ICCA), English and Welsh authorities can also prosecute the core international crimes when committed in England or Wales, or when com.