Despite the unprecedented interdependence and interconnectedness of the world, the latest twist in the technological revolution has witnessed a decoupling between the United States and China. [...] The launch of the Made in China 2025 strategy in 2015, which was aimed at augmenting the national economy on the basis of domestic innovation, reducing dependence on foreign technology and investment, and strengthening the country’s position as a global leader in high-tech industries, was a pivotal event in China’s technology policy.41 In March 2021, the National People’s Congress of China approve. [...] 14 Valdai Discussion Club Report November 2023 If the current trends remain in force, China has a chance to become the leader in AI research and development in the coming years.55 Microelectronics China is making rapid progress in microelectronics, which is the foundation of the IT industry, which, in turn, is essential for the AI and supercomputer industry. [...] Today, this report is praised for cementing the US lead in science and technology.98 In the second half of the 20th century, US technology policy was primarily oriented toward the defence industry rather than the private sector – the federal budget allocated substantial funds for the development of military technology, established specialised institutes and so on. [...] According to this concept, most of the profi t in high-tech industries is produced in the beginning of the value-creating chain (during design, research and development) and then in the marketing of a product, bypassing the least profi table real production stage.
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