UNDERSTANDING PRIVATE SURVEILLANCE PROVIDERS AND TECHNOLOGIES - WITHIN THE WIDER FRAMEWORK

can impact the rights to freedom of expression, freedom The UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of expression of assembly and association, as well as the rights to life, has highlighted: to liberty and security of the person, to fair trial and Surveillance of specific individuals – often due process, the right to freedom of movement, the right journalists, activists, opposition figures, critics to en. [...] surveillance is designed to repress the exercise of the The systemic violation of an individual’s or a right to freedom of expression’.64 This is undermining community’s right to life highlights the grave the very essence of the right to freedom of expression. [...] Also, unlawful surveillance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) hampers the rights to the freedoms of assembly, and Article 18 of the ICCPR.61 This right encompasses association and expression when the ‘civic space’ in the freedom to exchange information and ideas which individuals may convene to exchange ideas and privately. [...] The UN Special provision of the right to freedom of expression, as well Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right as the rights to freedom of association and assembly. [...] 75 UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination on impact of the use of private military and security services in immigration and border management on the protection of the rights of all migrants’ (9 July 2020), UN Doc A/HRC/45/9, undocs.org/A/HRC/45/9.