Employee jobs paid below the Living Wage: 2023 - Joe Richardson & Ana Witteveen,

The incidence of employee jobs paid below the Living Wage and trends over time SCALE OF LOW PAY IN THE UK IN 2023 12.9 per cent of all employee jobs in the UK (3.7 million jobs) were paid less than the real Living Wage in April 2023. [...] THE INCIDENCE OF EMPLOYEE JOBS PAID BELOW THE LIVING WAGE There has been a steady decline in the number and proportion of low paid jobs since 2019, when the UK Government set the target for the National Living Wage to reach two-thirds of median earnings by 2024.13 This led to several steep increases in the National Living Wage in recent years, rising to £10.42 an hour as of April 2023. [...] The exceptions being in April 2020, when the pandemic drastically impacted UK earnings data resulting in the scale of low pay remaining broadly consistent with the previous year, and April 2023, when the scale of low pay increased slightly after the real Living Wage was updated to account for the unprecedented rise in the cost-of-living in 2022. [...] THE INCIDENCE OF EMPLOYEE JOBS PAID BELOW THE LIVING WAGE and proportion of jobs paid below the Living Wage across the regions and nations of the UK. [...] THE INCIDENCE OF EMPLOYEE JOBS PAID BELOW THE LIVING WAGE Figure 4: Employee jobs paid below the Living Wage in industries with an above-average number and proportion of jobs paid below the real Living Wage by industry (one-digit SIC): April 2023.