Emission and Technology Pathways - in the Shipping Sector

The paper is structured as follows: section 2 reviews the main characteristics of the four pathways, focusing on emissions pathways (2.1), the decarbonization levers to achieve these emissions reductions (2.2), and the associated technology pathways; then section 3 discusses the credibility of the four pathways to identify key factors affecting the feasibility of pathways. [...] Moreover, the lack of clarity regarding the timing of the net-zero GHG emissions targets as well as the provision of ranges for interim targets are a source of ambiguity that could undermine the integrity of the IMO pathway. [...] The key factors are the sourcing of inputs, the technical readiness of production processes, the availability of distribution and storage networks, and the technical characteristics of these fuels for their use for propulsion. [...] However, the complexity of onboard storage of captured CO2 and the high energy intensity of CCS processes are sources of concern regarding the feasibility and viability of this option compared to other retrofitting solutions, hence the uncertainty regarding the readiness of onboard CCS. [...] On this point, the ambition of the latter therefore appears to be the most consistent with the Paris Agreement, although its credibility is undermined by the lack of granular data on the marine fuel mix which prevents the assessment of the underlying technological, economic and regulatory dynamics.