Because of this technical usage of the word deportation, this briefing uses the terms return or removal to refer to the removal or departure of a foreign citizen whom the Home Office determines has no right to be in the UK. [...] A 2020 report by the National Audit Office on the effectiveness of the hostile environment states that the Home Office is “currently unable to measure whether these activities have the desired effect of encouraging people to leave voluntarily”. [...] In the year ending 30 September 2023, the top nationalities among those returned were Albanian (20%), Indian (15%), and Brazilian (12%) Of the roughly 22,800 people who left the UK via enforced or voluntary return in the year ending 30 September 2023, 69% were citizens of ten countries (Figure 7). [...] The share of EU nationals among those returned also increased during the 2010s as their share of the UK population grew (for more detail, see the Migration Observatory briefing, EU migration to and from the UK). [...] UK PAGE 14 BRIEFING: Deportation, removal, and voluntary departure from the UK The Migration Observatory Based at the Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS) at the University of Oxford, the Migration Observatory provides independent, authoritative, evidence-based.
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