began in the late 1970s.8 These included the depoliticization of science and technology, as well To understand this trend, this brief offers a thorough as the devolution of power over resource allocation analysis of Beijing’s vision for its innovation and to markets and local actors. [...] In and ballistic missiles in the space of just a few this approach, the state delegates the day-to-day years, despite being cut off from its major source organization and refereeing of the program to of technological knowhow through the Sino-Soviet trusted partners. [...] But the overarching long-term vision for innovation and industrial policy that currently The relative importance of the modernized industrial dominates in Chinese policy circles follows the base in the Chinese-language debate is clear by the logic of China’s dual circulation strategy (双循 recent flurry of publications, including by leading 环), which primarily aims to compartmentalize and ministries. [...] Yutao Sun and Cong Cao, “Chapter 6: Organization - Mission- Computing And Semiconductor Manufacturing Items to the Oriented Mega-Research-and-Development Programs,” People’s Republic Of China (PRC) in 2022 and 2023,” Bureau in The Political Economy of Science, Technology, and of Industry and Security, U. [...] Allen, China’s New Strategy for Waging the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress – Microchip Tech War, Center for Strategic and International Regarding the Inspection of the Science and Technology Studies report, May 3, 2023, Progress Law of the People's Republic of China chinas-new-strategy-waging-microchip-tech-war.
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- 9
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- United States of America