First bur - georgia

Table of Contents

• First Biennial Update Report on 2
• Climate Change 2
• Abbreviations 4
• Units 6
• Foreword 13
• 1 CHAPTER - Executive Summary 14
• 1.1 National Circumstances 14
• 1.2 National GHG Inventory 16
• 1.3 Climate Change Mitigation 17
• 1.4 Constraints and Gaps and Related Financial Technical and Capacity 19
• Needs 19
• 1.5 Support Received 19
• 1.6 Domestic Measurement Reporting and Verification MRV System in 19
• Georgia 19
• 2 CHAPTER - National Circumstances 20
• 2.1 Natural conditions 20
• Geography 21
• Climate change 22
• Forest 25
• Air quality 26
• Drinking Water 26
• Land and soil 26
• Natural disasters 27
• Chemicals 28
• Legislation 28
• 2.2 Social and economic overview 29
• Unemployment 33
• Poverty 33
• Overview 35
• Energy policy 36
• Fossil fuel 37
• Renewable Energy Sources 38
• Ferroalloys production 41
• Iron and steel production 41
• Fertilizer production 41
• Cement production 42
• Road Transportation 43
• Railways 44
• Maritime Transport - Black sea ports 44
• Aviation 45
• Transit pipelines through Georgia 46
• 2.3 Sustainable development strategy low emission development strategy 51
• 2.4 Institutional arrangement for development of Biennial Updated 52
• Reports of Georgia 52
• 3 CHAPTER - National GHG Inventory 55
• 3.1 Overview 55
• 3.2 Institutional Framework of the Inventory 56
• 3.3 Description of key categories 57
• 3.4 GHG emission by sectors and gases in 1990-2013 58
• 3.5 The Energy Sector 60
• 3.6 Industrial Processes 66
• 3.7 Solvents and Other Products Use 68
• 3.8 Agriculture 69
• 3.9 Land Use Land Use Change and Forestry LULUCF 72
• 3.10 Waste 76
• 3.11 Uncertainty Assessment 77
• 3.12 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 78
• 4 CHAPTER - Climate Change Mitigation 79
• 4.1 State Policies and Programs on Climate Change Mitigation 79
• 4.2 Mitigation Measures and Potential by Sectors 81
• 4.3 Low Emission Development Strategy LEDS 111
• 4.4 Activities Carried Out Under the Clean Development Mechanism CDM 113
• Of the Kyoto Protocol 113
• 4.5 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions NAMAs 113
• 4.6 Activities Implemented Under the Covenant of Mayors CoM 116
• 5 CHAPTER - Constraints and Gaps and Related Financial 118
• Technical and Capacity Needs 118
• 6 CHAPTER - Support Received 128
• 7 CHAPTER - Domestic Measurement Reporting and Verification 131
• MRV System in Georgia 131
• 7.1 Introduction 131
• 7.2 Experience with MRV in Georgia 131
• 7.3 Design of the Domestic MRV System in Georgia 134
• 7.4 MRV Implementation Plan 142
• 7.5 Gaps Analysis and Required Support 143
• 8 Annexes 145
• 8.1 Annex Key source-categories 145
• 8.2 Annex GHG emissions by sectors and subsectors in 2013 Gg 147
• 8.3 Annex Clean Development Mechanism CDM projects 149
• 8.4 Annex Energy Balance of Georgia 2030 151