U) PRC Malign and Illicit Activities in Africa: Critical Infrastructure and Mining

China’s emergence as a leader funded over 130 medical facilities, 45 sports venues in the development, control, and exploitation of and over 170 schools.”8 In November 2021, days critical resources in Africa has shed light on some of after the release of the white paper, PRC President the problematic standards and behaviors that plague Xi Jinping reiterated the significance of the PRC’s the sector. [...] The “Mineral for Infrastructure” deal, signed on April 22, 2008, was designed to support the development For example, in July 2021, the “Congo Is Not for Sale” of mining sites and public infrastructure in the campaign claimed the deal to be a “new formula for DRC by trading access to resources like cobalt and the flow of revenue and massive indebtedness of the copper in exchange for its financing. [...] 182) PRC Laws, Policy 2014, Memorandum of Understanding between OECD and the Chinese Chamber of Commerce of Metals Minerals & Chemicals Importers & Exporters (CCCMC) CCCMC due diligence codea Article 5 of the Measures for the Administration of Overseas Investment (“the Measures”), the Ministry of Commerce for the Government of the People’s Republic of China (MOFCOM), and its provincial departments. [...] However, independence era, and now continue to be a Africa’s centrality to the urgent call for minerals to aid motivation for interference and exploitation—both in decarbonization and the pivot to electric energy in the form of much needed development and in amid the climate crisis in the contemporary global extraction that often benefits the few at the expense context is new and developing.167 Fe. [...] Germany.179 The New Patriotic Party has been one of It is one of the most popular newspapers and one the two dominant parties in Ghanaian politics since of the most visited websites in Ghana, receiving the country’s democratization in 1992 and is the 200,000 average daily visits.