European climate risk assessment — Executive summary

8 European climate risk assessment — Executive summary Figure ES.3 Links between risk drivers and the clusters of climate risks assessed Climate-related hazards Non-climatic risk drivers Direct impacts and risks and Cascading impacts and risks Ecosystems Water Food Infrastructure Health Economy and finance Risk cluster Cross-cutting field Note: The figure illustrates the interconnections and risk. [...] Major climate risks for Europe and the urgency to act EUCRA has followed a systematic risk assessment process to identify and analyse major climate risks for Europe, and to determine the urgency to act. [...] The selection was based on a comprehensive review of the literature and the evidence related to climate impacts and risks in Europe; it considered the potential of various climate risks to put Europe into crisis. [...] Among climate risks related to ecosystems, risks to coastal and marine ecosystems are the most severe in the current period and entail the highest urgency to act. [...] However, they are likely to underestimate the cascading and compounding risks from climate change both in the EU and internationally, and the tail risks associated with rare extreme events.