Implementation of UNCAC chapter III: Criminalization and law enforcement in

3 Implementation of UNCAC chapter III: Criminalization and law enforcement in ASEAN States parties and Timor-Leste II: Overview of the challenges and good practices in the implementation of chapter III of UNCAC 4 Overview II: Overview of the challenges and good practices in the implementation of chapter III of UNCAC Challenges covers the prosecution, adjudication and sanctions on Convention offenc. [...] Additionally, law, by a public official in the discharge of his its legislation contains a reference to the or her functions, for the purpose of obtaining detrimental effect of the perpetrator’s behaviour an undue advantage for him or herself or for to the finances of the State. [...] aspects of article 25, such as the “use of physical force, threats or intimidation,” but not the “promise, offering or giving of Specifically, article 25 requires the an undue advantage;” establishment of two offences: • Lao PDR criminalizes threats or the use of force to obstruct officers in the • Article 25(a) requires the criminalization performance of their duties, but not of the use of physic. [...] framework for legal persons exists; 48 and • Ensuring that criminal liability of legal On a similar theme to the implementation of persons is detailed in a way that specifies corruption offences in the private sector, the the terms and conditions for triggering provision for the liability of legal persons for such liability and the exact nature of the acts that would trigger liability.49 45 Brunei. [...] Other recommendations were issued on the commencement of the counting period, such as recommending that the counting period in States with Indonesia commence only when the crime comes recommendations to the notice of the authorities, instead of having for article 30 the time start running at the time an offence is commissioned, and interrupting the counting period in cases where the alleged offend.