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9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE JUSTICE, AND THE DYNAMICS OF VIOLENCE IN LATIN AMERICA 3 GOVERNANCE disparities in access to and the quality of public services DEFINITION OF GOVERNANCE and deepening inequalities.23 “Governance refers to a series of (inter)actions be- tween state and non-state actors to formulate and These inequalities reinforce policymaking in favour of vested interests over the publi. [...] Use the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO criteria of good governance and overlooks the conse- Convention 169) and the Organization of American 15 ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE JUSTICE, AND THE DYNAMICS OF VIOLENCE IN LATIN AMERICA States’ American Declaration on the Rights of Indig- Defenders and Justice Operators, and the UN Work- enous Peoples to advocate for the rights of Indig- ing Gr. [...] the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indige- nous Peoples, the OAS Rapporteur on Human Rights 16 ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE JUSTICE, AND THE DYNAMICS OF VIOLENCE IN LATIN AMERICA 5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE JUSTICE Environmental justice is a multifaceted concept linking els of inequality and poverty, the LAC region is among environmental and social disparities. [...] 53 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean To achieve the vision articulated in the key message, (ECLAC), Access to information, participation and justice in the following actions are recommended, directed at a environmental matters in Latin America and the Caribbean: towards achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable regional and national audience. [...] Call for the signing, ratification, and implementation of the Escazú Agreement by all countries in the re- 19 ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE JUSTICE, AND THE DYNAMICS OF VIOLENCE IN LATIN AMERICA 6 PROTECTION OF NATURE AND TERRITORIES The LAC region boasts rich biodiversity, hosting approxi- were covered by terrestrial protection, which is the high- mately 60% of the world’s terrestrial life.54 Within.