WORKING PAPER - Designing a zero-emission vehicle sales regulation for two-wheelers

For example, a 2021 ICCT study found that setting a fleet-average standard of 20.5 gCO2/km for two-wheelers in India would have the potential to electrify about 60% of the sector by 2030.5 On the other hand, a ZEV regulation is the most direct way to ensure the growth of ZEVs in a market over time, because it requires that manufacturers earn a minimum number of credits proportional to their ZEV sa. [...] Amid growing adoption of sales regulations in the light-duty segment, California was also the first jurisdiction in the world to adopt sales requirements for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles under the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) regulation.14 The ACT regulation comes into effect in 2024 and requires up to 75% new ZEV sales in the segment by 2035. [...] The NCEM and NBEM have been granted powers to recommend and approve broad policy frameworks in the interest of promoting electric vehicles and their manufacturing in India.29 The bodies also possess extensive authority to suggest to the central government any new legislation, policy, or amendment to current measures that would advance the production and utilization of electric vehicles in the coun. [...] In that respect, the NCEM and NBEM could help to enable the implementation of a ZEV sales regulation in India.  Judicial intervention in the interest of the environment, air quality, and public health has also played a key role in regulating transport in India. [...] For perspective, in China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, the average range of leading electric two-wheeler models is between 80 and 120 km, which is similar to the range available in the Indian market.37 Manufacturers are best placed to recognize and respond to the range preferences of various consumer segments as the market matures.