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Connecting InforMmaasl caunlidn iFtoiersm aanld P Peactrei aTraclhkys 11 The series is based on a larger research project on masculinities, violence, and peacebuilding conducted in 2022 and 2023 by GIWPS and local partners in Aceh and Maluku in Indonesia and the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in the Philippines.5 A survey was administered to approximately 2,000 people in e. [...] We discuss this interesting finding in more detail in the context of the BARMM in our full report and in our Masculinity and (Non)Violence policy brief.7 Men and women in Aceh largely agree that men should be leaders in the private and public spheres. [...] Respondents’ rates of agreement with statements about the patriarchal household Women Men 100 97 91 PEACE & SECURITY 84 79 75 69 71 50 25 0 “Men should work outside, “Men must be the “A man should be the and women should breadwinner of the leader of the household.” take care of the household.” household." It is important to note that relations between women and men vary from household to household. [...] When they do, the focus is typically on forms of masculinities that contribute to violence and gender inequality.14 NAPs should engage with men and masculinities beyond rigid binaries of “good” and “bad” men and consider the context-specific economic, political, and security conditions that shape expectations of masculinities. [...] Program design should be informed by consultations that engage local actors to understand the conditions under which men and women support certain patriarchal norms and identify opportunities to drive norm change around the perception of leadership in the public and private spheres.