In summary, recent research has highlighted a number of emerging problem areas with regard to PSE access in Canada: the relatively high percentage of 15 to 19-year-olds not in school, the continued under-representation of disadvantaged populations in post-secondary institutions, and the apparent decline in university participation and graduation rates relative to other countries. [...] However, as the purpose of the report is to describe PSE access initiatives, Gándara’s framework was felt to be a useful tool and one of the few available in the literature. [...] Future to Discover The Future to Discover program was launched in September 2004 as a joint project of the governments of New Brunswick and Manitoba and the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation. [...] In addition to the services offered in the original program, Upward Bound – Math and Science offers summer programs with intensive math and science training, computer training, and the opportunity for students to participate in scientific research projects under the guidance and mentorship of university faculty members and/or graduate students. [...] The goal of Upward Bound – Math and Science is to help students recognize and develop their potential in math and science, and to encourage them to pursue post-secondary degrees, and ultimately careers, in these fields.