Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions and combatting the climate crisis. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.
This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Latvia and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA member countries to assess Latvia’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Latvia’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable clean energy future.
- Published in
- France
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Table of Contents
- Latvia 2024 - Energy Policy Review 1
- Executive summary 3
- 1. General energy policy 6
- Overview 6
- Economic overview 6
- Energy production, supply and demand 7
- Institutional overview 8
- Energy transitions policy overview 9
- Energy poverty 11
- Energy sector diversity 11
- Energy crisis response 11
- Energy data and reporting 11
- Energy and environmental taxation 12
- Energy security 12
- Assessment 13
- Recommendations 16
- 2. Energy and climate change 17
- Overview 17
- Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions 18
- Emissions drivers and carbon intensity 18
- Institutional overview 19
- Climate change targets 19
- Climate policies and measures 20
- NECP policies and measures 21
- Climate adaptation 24
- Assessment 24
- Recommendations 27
- 3. Energy efficiency 28
- Overview 28
- Institutional overview 28
- Energy efficiency in buildings 29
- District heating 30
- Energy efficiency policies in buildings 31
- NECP targets and measures 32
- Appliances, equipment, lighting 33
- Heating and cooling 33
- Energy efficiency in transport 34
- Energy efficiency policies in transport 35
- Energy efficiency in industry 37
- Energy efficiency policies in industry 37
- Assessment 38
- Buildings sector 39
- Industry sector 40
- Transport sector 40
- Recommendations 41
- 4. Renewables 42
- Overview 42
- Institutional overview 43
- Renewables in electricity generation 44
- Renewables in transport 45
- Renewables in heating and cooling 47
- Assessment 48
- Electricity 48
- Transport 49
- Heating 49
- Recommendations 50
- 5. Energy research, development and innovation 51
- Overview 51
- Institutional overview 51
- Energy innovation priorities and guiding documents 52
- Resource push 54
- Knowledge management 57
- International collaboration 57
- Assessment 57
- Recommendations 59
- 6. Electricity 60
- Overview 60
- Electricity market structure 62
- Infrastructure 62
- Desynchronisation from Russia 65
- Electricity market operation 65
- Electricity policies 66
- Electricity system flexibility 67
- Smart meters 67
- Electricity prices 68
- Electricity security 68
- Assessment 70
- Recommendations 72
- 7. Natural gas 73
- Overview 73
- Infrastructure 74
- Natural gas market structure and operation 77
- Natural gas prices 77
- Natural gas policies 79
- Renewable gases 79
- Natural gas security 79
- Assessment 80
- Recommendations 83
- 8. Oil 84
- Overview 84
- Oil products trade 84
- Infrastructure 86
- Oil market structure 87
- Policies and measures in the oil sector 87
- Prices and taxes 88
- Upstream 89
- Oil security 89
- Assessment 90
- Recommendations 91
- Annexes 92
- Acknowledgements 92
- Abbreviations and acronyms 94
- Units of measures 94
