Advancing Cloud and Data Infrastructure Markets (English)

Table of Contents

• Front Cover 1
• Contents 7
• Foreword 13
• Acknowledgments 15
• About the Authors 17
• Executive Summary 19
• Abbreviations 21
• Chapter 1 Introduction 23
• The data revolution and cloud computing 23
• The structure of this report 24
• Note 25
• References 25
• Chapter 2 Overview 27
• Key takeaways 27
• Recommendations 37
• Notes 42
• References 42
• Chapter 3 Cloud Computing Fundamentals 45
• Main Messages 45
• Definition and service models 46
• Deployment models 48
• Benefits and limitations 52
• Notes 56
• References 57
• Chapter 4 Cloud Computing: Growth Drivers, Main Players, and Key Trends 59
• Main Messages 59
• Data at the center of cloud growth 60
• Dynamics of cloud and data infrastructure markets 61
• Key market players 66
• Technology trends driving expansion 69
• Notes 71
• References 71
• Chapter 5 Data Centers at the Core of Cloud and Data Infrastructure 75
• Main Messages 75
• Data centers 75
• Dynamics of data center markets 76
• Key enablers for data center investments 79
• Data centers’ effects on communities and the environment 0
• Incentivizing private sector investments in data centers 89
• Notes 90
• References 92
• Chapter 6 Role of Governments in Promoting Cloud Adoption 97
• Main messages 97
• National digital transformation strategies 98
• Cloud-first and cloud-smart national strategies 98
• Data strategies and classification frameworks 103
• Cloud deployment by governments 104
• Promoting cloud adoption in the private sector 110
• Digital workforce development 110
• Notes 112
• References 113
• Chapter 7 The Regulatory Landscape for Cloud and Data Infrastructure 117
• Main messages 117
• Regulatory models and cloud market growth 117
• Trust for cloud adoption 118
• Data governance 120
• Cybersecurity 125
• Resiliency 130
• Outsourcing and procurement 133
• Consumer protection and competition 136
• Choosing a Regulatory Approach 138
• Sustainability 141
• Notes 146
• References 147
• Chapter 8 Conclusion 151
• Summary and areas for future research 151
• Appendix A. General Considerations for Contracting 0
• Appendix B. International Standards for Data Center Sustainability 0
• Boxes 55
• Box 3.1 Accessing cloud and data infrastructure 55
• Box 4.1 Cloud and data infrastructure market definitions 62
• Box 4.2 Adoption of cloud technologies in Indonesia 65
• Box 6.1 Examples of early adopters of cloud-first strategies in high- and middle-income countries 99
• Box 6.2 Strengthening the local cloud and data infrastructure in Argentina 101
• Box 6.3 Procurement hurdles in the Philippines 102
• Box 6.4 Ukraine’s migration to the cloud 105
• Box 6.5 Romania’s approach to identifying and prioritizing public sector applications and services for migration 108
• Box 6.6 Indian government initiatives to increase the country’s digitization 111
• Box 7.1 The trust environment for data transactions 119
• Box 7.2 Definitions of data sovereignty, data residency, and data localization 121
• Box 7.3 Data governance frameworks 123
• Box 7.4 Impact of data localization on cloud adoption in Kazakhstan 124
• Box 7.5 ISO standards for cloud cybersecurity 129
• Box 7.6 SOC reports facilitate efforts to cultivate trust environments 130
• Box 7.7 The International Organization of Securities Commissions principles 135
• Box 7.8 Main conclusions of cloud market competition investigations in France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom 137
• Box 7.9 Denmark in pursuit of environmentally sustainable data centers 145
• Box 7.10 Scala Data Centers, sustainability champion in Latin America 145
• Figures 46
• Figure 3.1 Cloud service models 46
• Figure 3.2 Essential characteristics of cloud computing 48
• Figure 3.3 Cloud deployment models 49
• Figure 4.1 How much data are generated every minute? 60
• Figure B4.1.1 Cloud and data value chain 62
• Figure 4.2 Global cloud and data infrastructure market growth, by segment, 2016–25 64
• Figure 4.3 Growth of cloud services markets, by region, 2016–25 64
• Figure 4.4 Use of cloud computing, by industry, 2022 66
• Figure 4.5 Mapping of cloud and data center market players 67
• Figure 4.6 Market shares of leading cloud infrastructure service providers, fourth quarter 2023 68
• Figure 4.7 Cloud provider market share trend, 2018–23 68
• Figure 5.1 Number of data centers, by country, 2023 77
• Figure 5.2 Enabling factors for data center investment and their relative importance 80
• Figure 5.3 Breakdown of data center operating expenses 82
• Figure 5.4 Global competitiveness and digital skills, 2019 88
• Figure B6.5.1 Overview of the cloud migration process, Romania 109
• Figure B7.3.1 Three broad models of data governance frameworks 123
• Figure 7.1 Leading causes of significant cloud service outages, 2020–22 131
• Figure 7.2 Global corporate PPA purchase volumes, by region 143
• Maps 84
• Map 5.1 Countries with reliable and unreliable electricity services, 2020 84
• Map 5.2 Google’s investments in submarine cables 85
• Map 5.3 Global infrastructure connectivity map: Fiber optics terrestrial and submarine cables 86
• Tables 39
• Table 2.1 Government actions and priorities for the development of cloud and data infrastructure 39
• Table 4.1 Cumulative spending on cloud and data infrastructure in emerging markets 63
• Table 5.1 Enabling factors for data center investment 80
• Table 5.2 Global trends in energy consumption, 2015 and 2022 83
• Table 7.1 Differences between data localization and data protection regulations 122
• Table 7.2 The shared responsibility model across types of cloud services and associated legal issues 127
• Table 7.3 Common misconceptions about cloud security 128
• Table B.1 Selected international standards for data center sustainability 159