Health care systems must be prepared to address the expanding and complex needs of an aging population. Rather than a “silver challenge,” this situation should be seen as an opportunity to reevaluate and reorganize the health care delivery system holistically. "Silver Opportunity Case Studies" presents a comprehensive examination of care for older adults in diverse economic and geographic contexts through a collection of country and regional case studies. This collection of case studies complements the synthesis volume of global evidence—Silver Opportunity: Building Integrated Services for Older Adults around Primary Health Care—by offering practical insights for decision-making, sharing knowledge, and encouraging cross-learning. The book provides a deeper understanding of the complexities involved and highlights key issues and current practices at the country level. The overarching goal of the volume is to inform policy makers, health care professionals, and other stakeholders about effective practices for caring for older adults and to support the development of evidence-based policies that enhance their health and well-being.
Authors
- Associated content
- Silver Opportunity: Building Integrated Services for Older Adults around Primary Health Care
- Citation
- “ Hou, Xiaohui ; Sharma, Jigyasa ; Zhao, Feng ; eds. . 2024 . Silver Opportunity Case Studies: Experiences with Building Integrated Services for Older Adults around Primary Health Care . © Washington, DC: World Bank . http://hdl.handle.net/10986/41655 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO . ”
- Collection(s)
- Stand alone books
- DOI
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-2014-4
- ISBN
- 978-1-4648-2014-4 (paper)
- Published in
- United States of America
- Rights
- CC BY 3.0 IGO
- Rights Holder
- World Bank
- Rights URI
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
- URI
- https://hdl.handle.net/10986/41655
- date disclosure
- 2024-06-04
- region geographical
- World
Table of Contents
- Front Cover 1
- Contents 7
- Foreword 13
- Acknowledgments 15
- About the Editors 17
- Abbreviations 19
- Overview. Building Integrated Services for Older Adults around Primary Health Care: Challenges and Opportunities in Countries 21
- Introduction 21
- The Silver Opportunity Agenda 23
- Silver Opportunity, Volume 1, and the FIRE Framework 25
- Silver Opportunity, Volume 2: Expanding the Country-Level Evidence Base 26
- Key Findings from the Case Studies 30
- The Remainder of this Volume 34
- Notes 34
- References 34
- Chapter 1. Bangladesh: Reconfiguring Primary Health Care for an Aging Population 37
- Key Messages 37
- Background 38
- The Case Study Methodology 39
- Findings 39
- Recommendations 49
- Conclusion 51
- Note 52
- References 52
- Chapter 2. Colombia: Tackling Older-Adult Care Needs and Their Socioeconomic Determinants 55
- Key Messages 55
- Background 56
- The Landscape of Aging and Old Age in Colombia 56
- Regulation 62
- Design and Implementation of Public Policies on Aging and Old Age 63
- Challenges 65
- Recommendations 67
- Notes 67
- References 68
- Chapter 3. Mongolia: Meeting Older Adults’ Health Needs through PHC and Getting the Most from Screening Programs 71
- Key Messages 71
- Background 71
- The Case Study Methodology 73
- Case Study Findings 73
- Conclusions and Lessons 83
- Recommendations 0
- References 84
- Chapter 4. United Arab Emirates: Leveraging a Crisis to Advance Integrated Older-Adult Care 0
- Key Messages 87
- Aging Populations and the COVID-19 Pandemic 87
- Mitigating the Disruptions to Health Care Provision for Older Adults 88
- Lessons Learned 95
- Notes 100
- References 100
- Chapter 5. Long-Term Care for Aging Populations in Africa: Current Landscape, Key Challenges, and Policy Considerations 101
- Key Messages 101
- Africa’s Looming Demographic Shift 0
- The Current Landscape of Long-Term Care 104
- Policy Framework on Aging 106
- Key Challenges and Policy Considerations 109
- References 111
- Chapter 6. The Unmet Need: Assessing the Demand for and Supply of Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in European Countries and Comparators 113
- Key Messages 113
- Introduction 114
- Study Design and Target Populations 114
- Key Findings 115
- Discussion 121
- Annex 6A Supplementary Tables 123
- Notes 129
- References 130
- Chapter 7 Conclusions and Policy Directions 133
- A Silver Opportunity to Strengthen Care Systems in Countries 133
- Broad Features of the Policy Environment for Older-Adult Care 134
- Policy and Implementation Experiences in the FIRE Domains 137
- The Way Forward: Strengthening Older-Adult Care on the Path to Universal Health Care 149
- Notes 151
- References 151
- Boxes 65
- Box 2.1 Model of Care in Bogotá: Implementation of the District Care System 65
- Box 4.1 Five Objectives of the Population-at-Risk Program 89
- Box 4.2 The Remote-Care Platform App 92
- Box 4.3 Estimated Cost Savings: Telemedicine Outpatient Consultations versusFace-to-Face Visits 96
- Figures 25
- Figure O.1 PHC-Centered Integrated Care for Older Adults: The FIRE Framework 25
- Figure 1.1 Percentage of the Population Age 60 and Older in Bangladesh, 2001–22 40
- Figure 1.2 Life Expectancy at Birth in Bangladesh, 1960–2020 40
- Figure 1.3 Age-Sex Pyramid in Bangladesh, 2001, 2011, 2022, and 2051 (Projected) 41
- Figure 1.4 Population Age Structure, by Sex, in Bangladesh, 1990, 2019 (Reference Scenario), and 2100 (Reference Scenario) 42
- Figure 1.5 Proportional Mortality from Noncommunicable Diseases in Bangladesh, 2011–22 43
- Figure 1.6 Proportional Mortality from Various Causes in Bangladesh, 2018 43
- Figure 2.1 Census Data for Colombia, 1985 and 2018 57
- Figure 2.2 Percentage of People Age 60 and Older in Colombia, by Age Group and Sex, 2015 59
- Figure 2.3 Percentage of Colombians Age 60 and Older, by Socioeconomic Status, 2015 60
- Figure 3.1 Age Pyramid of Mongolia, 2021 72
- Figure 3.2 Mongolian Sustainable Development Concept—2030 73
- Figure 3.3 Referral Procedure in Mongolia’s Health System 77
- Figure 3.4 Electronic Referral Procedure between Health Care Facilities in Mongolia 78
- Figure 3.5 Action Areas of the United Nations Framework “A Decade of Healthy Ageing” 84
- Figure 4.1 Population-at-Risk Program in the United Arab Emirates: The Journey of a Patient 90
- Figure 4.2 Numbers and Percentages of Patients Enrolled in the Population-at-Risk Program in the United Arab Emirates 91
- Figure 4.3 Organizational Structure of the Population-at-Risk Program in the United Arab Emirates 94
- Figure 4.4 Services Rendered by the Population-at-Risk Program in the United Arab Emirates 94
- Figure 4.5 Results of Two Patient Surveys of Satisfaction with the Population-at-Risk Program in the United Arab Emirates, 2021 97
- Figure 5.1 Population Age 60 and Older in Africa and Its Subregions, 2022 and 2050 (Projected) 103
- Figure 5.2 Population Age 60 and Older in Select African Countries, 2022 and 2050 (Projected) 103
- Figure 6.1 Country-Specific Trends in the Prevalence of ADL/IADL Limitations, 2011–18 116
- Figure 6.2 Country-Specific Trends in the Mean Extent of ADL/IADL Limitations, 2011–18 117
- Figure 6.3 Percentage of Older Adults with ADL/IADL Limitations Receiving Assistance 118
- Figure 6.4 Mean Prevalence and Extent of ADL/IADL Limitations in Relation to Mean Health Expenditure per Capita 119
- Figure 6.5 Unadjusted Annual Percentage Change in ADL/IADL Limitations and Receipt of Assistance 120
- Map 58
- Map 2.1 Proportion of the Elderly Population in Colombia by Territorial Entity, 2020 58
- Tables 42
- Table 1.1 Aging Population in Bangladesh, 2019 and 2050 (Projected) 42
- Table 1.2 Prevalence of Nine Chronic Health Conditions Used in Defining Multiple Morbidity in Bangladesh, by Sex, 2011 44
- Table 2.1 Demographic Indexes of Colombia, 2018–23 57
- Table 2.2 Most Frequent Pathologies among Colombia’s Older Adults 61
- Table 3.1 Documents Regulating the Provision of Care to Older Adults at PHC Centers in Mongolia 74
- Table 3.2 Availability and Use Indicators for Family and Soum Health Centers in Mongolia, 2021 75
- Table 3.3 Services for Older Adults at PHC Facilities in Mongolia 76
- Table 3.4 Per Capita Rate for PHC Facilities in Mongolia, 2018–22 80
- Table 3.5 Case-Based Payment Rate from the Health Insurance Fund to PHC Facilities in Mongolia, 2022 81
- Table 3.6 Claims Submitted to the Health Insurance Fund for the Four Types of Services Provided at PHC Facilities and Reimbursement in Mongolia, 2021 81
- Table 3.7 Accreditation Criteria for Services for Older Adults at PHC Facilities in Mongolia 82
- Table 4.1 Distribution of High-Risk Patients in Abu Dhabi, by Sex, Insurance, and Age Group, 2019 91
- Table 4.2 Services Delivered by Two Private Providers under the Population-at-Risk Program in the United Arab Emirates 95
- Table 4.3 Patient Case Studies and Outcomes Resulting from Enrollment in the Population-at-Risk Program 97
- Table 5.1 Total Population and Population Age 60 and Older, by World Region, 2022 and 2050 (Projected) 102
- Table 5.2 Models of Integrated Care Delivery for Older Adults in Africa 107
- Table 5.3 Sub-Saharan African Countries with Health Care Legislation for Older People 108
- Table 6A.1 Descriptive Analysis of the Sample, by Age and Sex, Various Years, 2011–18 123
- Table 6A.2 Descriptive Analysis of the Prevalence and Extent of ADL/IADL Limitations and Assistance Received, Various Years, 2011–18 126
- Table 7.1 Policy and Implementation Takeaways from the Silver Opportunity Case Studies 149