The Centre for Social and Economic Progress (CSEP) conducts in-depth, policy-relevant research and provides evidence- baEsedm recommendations to the challenges facing India and the world. [...] CSEP is based in New Delhi and registered as a company limited by shares and not for profit, under Section 8 of the Companies Act, 1956. [...] The views expressed herein are those of the author(s). [...] The authors acknowledge, with gratitude, the research and data support provided by Dipti Chhugani, Monica Sharma, and Dhruva Teja Nandipati. [...] The authors also thank their CSEP colleagues for their review and comments on the earlier version of this paper.