Investment in Preventive Care for Children of Middle Eastern Ancestry During the Trump Administration

Table of Contents

• NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES 1
• INVESTMENT IN PREVENTIVE CARE FOR CHILDREN OF MIDDLE EASTERN ANCESTRY DURING THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION 1
• Shooshan Danagoulian Owen Fleming Daniel S. Grossman David Slusky 1
• Working Paper 32676 httpwww.nber.orgpapersw32676 1
• NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02138 July 2024 1
• Shooshan Danagoulian Department of Economics Wayne State University 656 W. Kirby St. FAB 2095 Detroit MI 48202 fr4523wayne.edu 2
• Owen Fleming hg3490wayne.edu 2
• Daniel S. Grossman Department of Economics West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506-6025 and NBER daniel.grossmanmail.wvu.edu 2
• David Slusky Department of Economics University of Kansas 1460 Jayhawk Boulevard Lawrence KS 66045 and NBER david.sluskyku.edu 2
• Introduction 3
• Background 6
• Middle Eastern and North African MENA Ancestry 6
• Anti-MENA Rhetoric and Federal Policies 7
• Secure Communities 9
• Data 10
• COVID-19 Research Database project 10
• Outcomes of Interest 12
• Identifying Age from Procedures 13
• Secure Communities Enforcement Data 14
• Method 15
• Two-way Fixed-effects of the Trump Administration 15
• 𝑌𝑌 𝑎𝑎 𝛽𝛽 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 𝛽𝛽 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 𝑇𝑇 𝛾𝛾 𝛿𝛿 𝜁𝜁 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 𝜀𝜀 15
• 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 𝐴𝐴𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝐻𝐻𝐴𝐴𝑃𝑃𝐻𝐻𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝐴𝐴𝑅𝑅 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 16
• 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡 16
• 𝛽𝛽 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 16
• 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 16
• 𝑌𝑌 𝑎𝑎 𝛼𝛼 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 𝛼𝛼 𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑎 17
• 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 𝛾𝛾 𝛿𝛿 𝜁𝜁 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 𝜀𝜀 17
• 𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑎 17
• Mechanism 17
• 𝑌𝑌 𝛼𝛼 𝛽𝛽 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 17
• 𝛽𝛽 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡 17
• 𝛽𝛽 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡 𝐷𝐷𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑒𝐷𝐷𝑃𝑃 17
• 𝛽𝛽 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 𝐷𝐷𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑒𝐷𝐷𝑃𝑃 18
• 𝛽𝛽 𝐷𝐷𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑒𝐷𝐷𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡 𝛽𝛽 𝐷𝐷𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑒𝐷𝐷𝑃𝑃 𝑇𝑇 𝛾𝛾 18
• 𝛿𝛿 𝜁𝜁 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 𝜀𝜀 18
• 𝐷𝐷𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑒𝐷𝐷𝑃𝑃 18
• Results 18
• Descriptive Results 18
• Main Analysis 19
• Vaccines 21
• Mechanisms Secure Communities 21
• MENADETAINERS 22
• POST 22
• Heterogeneity and Robustness 23
• Gender Differences 23
• Payer Differences 23
• Sample Composition Robustness 24
• Age Range Robustness 26
• Discussion 26
• Our Results in the Context of Literature 26
• Policy Implications 29
• Acknowledgements 31
• References 31
• Figure 1 35
• Figure 2 36
• Figure 3 37
• Figure 4 38
• Figure 5 39
• Table 1 40
• Table 2 41
• Table 3 42
• Table 4 43
• Table 5 44
• Appendix A Secure Communities 45
• Figure A1 47
• Figure A2 48
• Appendix B Data Racial and Ethnic composition of patients Figure B1 49
• State composition 50
• Figure B2 51
• Figure B3 52
• Appendix C Adjusted time trends all groups Figure C1 53
• Figure C2 54
• Appendix D Additional regression results all groups Table D1 Summary Statistics 55
• Table D2 57
• Table D3 58
• Appendix E Quarterly and Monthly Event Studies Figure E1 59
• Appendix F Sensitivity of main results to state inclusion. Figure F1 black red blue 60
• Appendix G Alternative Sample Definitions Table G1 62