A volcanic eruption increases the likelihood of children working and dropping out of school.
Authors
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.56506/JVVO2998
- Pages
- 57
- Published in
- Philippines
Table of Contents
- Introduction 4
- Volcano and Education in Java 7
- Mt. Merapi and Mt. Kelud eruptions 7
- Education in Indonesia 8
- Data and Sample Construction 9
- Data 9
- Sample construction 10
- Summary statistics 12
- Empirical Design 13
- Estimation method 13
- Robustness tests and sensitivity analysis 14
- Results 16
- Main results 16
- Addressing threats to identification 18
- Migration 18
- Dormant control volcanoes 19
- Baseline balance and parallel trend 20
- Mechanism 23
- Earnings and spending 23
- Health status 25
- Test scores and cognitive development 26
- Labor outcomes 27
- Heterogeneity analysis 29
- Mediating factors to improve resilience 31
- Demand-side mediation 32
- Supply-side mediation 34
- Discussions 35
- Conclusions 37
- Robustness checks 45
- Kelud treatment effect with 500 km catchment area 45
- Various radius 45
- Covariate inclusion 46
- Alternative covariates 46
- Subdistrict balance 47
- Covariate balance across time 48
- Baseline matching 50
- Propensity score matching 50
- Entropy balancing 54
- Combination of matching and triple difference estimation 56
