Estimates in the table are in USD ($) and are annual averages based on the following sources: SOE investments. [...] Saudi Aramco provided • For direct transfers and tax expenditure: OECD (2020) data, 2017–2019 averages around USD 33 billion each year for oil and gas • For induced transfers: International Energy Agency (2020) data, 2017–2019 averages production, and the Saudi Electric Company • For public finance: Oil Change International data collected from several sources, 2017–2018 averages invested USD 8.2 b [...] G20 Scorecard of Fossil Fuel Funding SAUDI ARABIA PROGRESS → The government introduced energy subsidy reforms in 2016 References and 2018 that increased fuel and electricity prices as part of a larger economic Farand, C. (2020). [...] Energy governance in Saudi Arabia: An assessment of the kingdom’s resources, expenditures offered to the fossil fuel industry in Saudi Arabia.
Authors
- Published in
- Canada
- Rights
- IISD, 2020
