Against this backdrop, we sought to determine whether there were gender-based differences in the daily use of the Internet and Internet-enabled devices, and whether the differences had any influence on the witnessing of online harms. [...] The growing literature exploring exposure to and experiences of online harms in relation to gender has been concentrated largely on the Western countries.8 Also, many of the studies on the topic, including those from Singapore, have focused on the witnessing and personal experiences of online harms by the two gender groups (e.g., Vogels, 2021; Sunlight Afa, 2022; SHE, 2023). [...] Overall, the gender and ethnic profiles of the participants resemble the general population in Singapore, with Singapore citizens forming the majority of the study sample. [...] Internet consumption can explain the gender differences in the witnessing of online harms Mediation analysis (see Figure 3) was conducted using PROCESS28 macro (version 3.5) to examine whether daily Internet activities and the usage of Internet-enabled devices can explain the gender differences in the witnessing of online harms. [...] The current study expands the existing literature by examining how gender differences affect the witnessing of online harms in relation to daily Internet activities and the frequency of device usage.
- Pages
- 20
- Published in
- Singapore
