The internet under attack: Insights from Afghanistan and Ukraine on maintaining a resilient internet in conflict and crisis

This report provides an in-depth analysis of how internet resilience is maintained in conflict and crisis situations, drawing on case studies from Afghanistan and Ukraine. It explores the roles of both state and non-state actors in either supporting or challenging internet infrastructure during conflicts. The report highlights how modern warfare increasingly relies on stable internet connections and digital technologies, which are often provided or controlled by private sector entities. Through its analysis, the report advocates for a holistic approach to internet resilience that considers the interconnectedness of global networks and the significant role of private companies. It concludes with recommendations for governments, businesses, and international organizations to enhance their strategies for maintaining internet resilience in conflict zones.