California’s Global Cities

Table of Contents

• Contents 5
• Summary 1 5
• Introduction 3 5
• Components of a Global City Analyzing Nine Cities 4 in California 5
• The Big Global Three Los Angeles San Francisco and 6 San Diego 5
• The Six Other Cities Anaheim Fresno Long Beach 10 Oakland Sacramento and San José 5
• Engagements of a Global City 14 5
• Global Engagements in Californias Cities 25 How Have Californias Global Cities Succeeded 5
• Conclusion 28 5
• Terms of Reference 29 6
• About the Authors 33 6
• Notes 35 6
• Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 45 6
• Summary 7
• Introduction 9
• Components of a Global City Analyzing Nine Cities in California 10
• Global City Index 11
• The Big Global Three Los Angeles San Francisco and San Diego 12
• Los Angeles 12
• Los Angeles 12
• The Global City New York London Tokyo 13
• Cities and Global Governance New Sites for International Relations 13
• San Francisco 14
• San Francisco 14
• San Diego 15
• San Diego 15
• Varied and Strong Economies 17
• Six More California Cities 17
• Natural Binational Connections 18
• International Ports and Airports 18
• Diversity 18
• Sister Cities and Cultural Connections 19
• Global Schools and Sports Teams 19
• Forbes 19
• Engagements of a Global City 20
• How Do Cities in California Practice Diplomacy 20
• Global City Index 20
• Los Angeles A Large High-Powered Office with Big Plans 21
• Los Angeles 21
• San Francisco A Small but Powerful Office Directed by a Seasoned Official 22
• San Francisco 23
• San Diego A New Office an Ambitious Mayor and a Strong Supporting Cast 24
• San Diego 24
• Sacramento A Uniquely Private Configuration 26
• Global Engagements Across California 26
• Sacramento 26
• Fresno A Confluence of Interests Within and Outside Government 27
• Fresno 27
• Oakland The Port Leads the Way 29
• Oakland 29
• San José A Trailblazer that Shifted Its Focus 30
• San José 30
• Global Engagements in Californias Cities How have Californias Global Cities Succeeded 31
• Global California 31
• Globally Oriented Leadership Provides the Impetus 32
• Cities Have Staffed Up for International Affairs 32
• Most Cities Have Self-Funding Tourism Associations 33
• Ports Are Engines of International Relations 33
• Cities Do Not Widely Publicize Their Global Efforts 33
• Cities Focus More on International Relations Today than in the Past 33
• Conclusion 34
• Terms of Reference 35
• Global Components 35
• Forbes 35
• Cities and Global Governance New Sites for International Relations 36
• Global Engagements 36
• About the Authors 39
• Acknowledgments 39
• Notes 41
• Interviews 41
• Notes 41
• Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 51
• Carnegie California 51
• CarnegieEndowment.org 52