The Accountability, Politics, and Humanitarian Toll of the Rohingya Genocide

Table of Contents

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• Introduction 4
• Corporate Accountability and the Rohingya Genocide 6
• Kofi Annan Commission – Rakhine Recommendations 7
• Paper Tiger? Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights 8
• The Complicity Factor? The Role of Corporations During Genocide 8
• Facebook (U.S.) 9
• Telenor (Norway) 9
• Daewoo International – POSCO (South Korea) 10
• British American Tobacco (U.K.) and Rothmans Myanmar Holdings Singapore (Singapore) 11
• Future Considerations 12
• Endnotes 13
• Deconstructing Dowry: A Call for NGOs to Examine Underlying Social and Economic Factors in the Rohingya Camps 15
• Introduction 16
• Methodology and Scope 16
• NGO Awareness Sessions to Combat Dowry 17
• Disentangling Dowry from Islam 18
• Dowry, Honor, and Hypergamy 19
• Purdah 20
• Rethinking Awareness Sessions 20
• Conclusion 21
• Endnotes 22
• References 22
• Statelessness – the Root Cause of the Rohingya Crisis – Needs to Be Addressed 23
• Executive Summary 23
• Introduction 24
• Literature Review 24
• The Stages of Rohingya Statelessness 25
• From 1948 to 1962: Civil Administration – Full Citizenship for Rohingyas 25
• From 1962 to 2015: Junta Administration – the Rohingyas are shifted from being Citizens to refugees 25
• From 2016 to Today: From Suu Kyi to the present Junta Administration – No change of statelessness 26
• Data Collection for This Study 27
• The Culture-Centered Approach to Refugee Studies 27
• Statelessness: The Root Cause of the Rohingya Crisis 28
• Rohingya Statelessness Needs to be Addressed 29
• Discussion 30
• Recommendations 30
• Conclusion 31
• Endnotes 32
• References 35
• Rohingya Cultural Preservation: An Internationally Coordinated Response Is Urgent 40
• Executive Summary 40
• Background of the Rohingya Crisis 41
• The Development of the Written Rohingya Language 42
• Community Concerns 42
• The Significance of Cultural Heritage in Post-Genocide Contexts 43
• Framing Cultural Heritage 43
• Integrating Cultural Heritage Into Crisis Response Policy 43
• Mapping Current Cultural Preservation Efforts 44
• Centers for Rohingya Cultural Expression 44
• Rohingya Media, Language, and Artistic Revival 45
• Current Challenges 46
• Funding Crisis 46
• Participation and Audience 46
• Siloization of Current Efforts 47
• The Impending Generational Loss of Cultural Memory 47
• Illiteracy as a Cultural Barrier 48
• Recommendations 48
• Conclusion 49
• Acknowledgments 50
• Endnote 51
• An Analysis of Various International Responses to the Conflict in Myanmar Compared With That in Ukraine 53
• 1. Introduction and Abstract 53
• 2. Definitions 54
• Conflict 54
• International Response 54
• 3. The Historical Context 54
• Ukraine 54
• Myanmar 54
• 4. International Responses to the Conflict in Ukraine 55
• Media Coverage 55
• Economic Actions 55
• Military Aid 56
• Humanitarian Aid 56
• Other Political Actions, Including Sanctions 57
• Civil Society Responses 58
• 5. International Responses to the Conflict in Myanmar 58
• Media Coverage 59
• Economic Cooperation 59
• Humanitarian Aid 60
• Military Cooperation 61
• Political Actions 61
• Civil Society Responses 62
• Responses to the Rohingya Crisis 62
• 6. Analysis of the Discrepancy in International Responses for Ukraine Compared with Myanmar 64
• 7. Concluding Remarks and Policy Recommendations 67
• Endnote 70
• Abstract 78
• An Analysis of the Patterns and Limits of Humanitarian Responses to the Rohingyas in Bangladesh 78
• 1. Introduction 79
• 2. The Evolution of Humanitarian Responses to Refugee Crises 79
• 3. The Rohingya Crisis: Background and Development 82
• 4. Nature and Critique of Responses to the Rohingya Refugee Crisis 83
• 4.1 Pre-2017 Influx Trends 84
• 4.2. Post-2017 Influx Trends 84
• 4.3 Geopolitics, Geoeconomics and Humanitarian Aid 88
• 5. Concluding Remarks 90
• Endnotes 92
• References 94
• The Rohingya Crisis: Eight Potential Pathways to Repatriation 97
• 1. The Bilateral Approach 98
• 2. The Multilateral Approach 99
• 3. The Tripartite Pathway 100
• 4. Accountability 101
• 5. Reimposing Sanctions 102
• 6. A Policy of Decoupling 103
• 7. Economic Incentives 104
• 8. Militancy 105
• In Lieu of a Conclusion 106
• Endnotes 108