Between 2011 and 2019, the percentage of children cared for exclusively by their parents fell from 51 per cent to 45 per cent as more parents were likely to use help in childcare – primarily through the use of organized care.13 FIGURE 4: In the last decade, parents were less likely to be the sole caregivers and more likely to use childcare Children under 3 years of age cared for solely by their pa. [...] 14 Other indicators of quality could include (a) the system design and organization of services, including accreditation and health and safety regulations; (b) practice within ECEC settings, including interactions and relationships, the role of play and the integration of care and education; (c) child outcomes, including the child’s social, emotional, mental, physical skills and benefits to family. [...] Due to recent reforms, especially the new 30 hours of free access and the disadvantaged two-year-olds offer, the cost of childcare for such a couple in the United Kingdom fell from 44 per cent in 2015 to 30 per cent in 2020. [...] Parental preferences, cultural norms and the availability of family members to provide informal care account for some of the differences across countries in enrolment rates for children under the age of 3. [...] Align the end of parental leave with availability to single parents and those most in need of childcare to ensure there are no gaps in the (see, for example, UNICEF, ILO and UN Women, provision of support for infant care as parents 2020).
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- Italy
