Europäische Integration Mauasc rhoisnt’os rIidsecah eorf Erufarohpruenang UEinni vZeeristzietiuegse: ngespräch mit

26 For example, the Network of Universities from the Capitals of Europe (UNICA), conférence des présidents d'université (cpu), the European Consortium of Innovative Universities (ECIU), the European University Foundation (EUF), the EuroTech Universities, the German Rectors' Conference, the Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (SIU), the Guild of European Research- Intensive. [...] In 2020, the Viadrina European University applied, together with the University of Lille/France, Malmö University/Sweden, the University of Minho/Portugal, Babeș-Bolyai University/Romania, the University of Wroclaw/Poland, and Mykolas Romeris University/Lithuania for the status of European University, as InclusU: The European University for Inclusiveness. [...] The question of critical size: Beyond the issue of the quality of cooperation and the choice of truly promising areas of cooperation for institutions, one difficulty in creating genuine “European universities” is in ensuring the participation of a sufficient number of universities in the consortium, as well as a sufficient number of students, teachers, and researchers. [...] This includes the creation of 13   Rahel Hutgens / Stephan Conermann financial instruments dedicated to these cooperation structures; recognition of joint degrees as European University degrees; the establishment of systems to facilitate the creation of joint professorships; and the simplification of the system for the recognition of diplomas (internal to the European University). [...] 14   Macron’s Idea of European Universities: From Vision to Reality  universities, in addition to commitments from the regional and national levels, as well as from the European Union.46 An even older, and probably the first strategic, European university network is the so-called U4, established in 2008 by Ghent University/Belgium, the University of Göttingen/Germany, the University of Groningen/N.