Third, limited participation in the international division of labor, inadequate external investments, and the absence of trade promotion agencies collectively undermine the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector, leading to declines in exports, employment, and output. [...] Fourth, while the informal sector may absorb a significant portion of the displaced manufacturing labor force, it poses challenges to the sustainability of the industry in the long run. [...] 8) Innovation and Research and Development (R&D) Spending: The level of investment in innovation and R&D is crucial for the sustained growth and competitiveness of the manufacturing sector. [...] The importance of manufacturing in the economy of Bangladesh and other countries is measured as the value added of manufacturing as a percent of GDP. [...] The Royal Government of Cambodia has endorsed various policies and legal frameworks in the short, medium, and long term to develop the country’s industrial sector as well as to keep industrializing the economy to achieve the vision of becoming an upper-middle-income country by 2030 and a high-income country by 2050.
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Table of Contents
- APO Members Lao PDR Malaysia Mongolia Nepal Thailand Turkiye and Vietnam. 2
- GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON PREMATURE DEINDUSTRIALIZATION INSIGHTS FROM APO MEMBER ECONOMIES 3
- CONTENTS 5
- FOREWORD 7
- Introduction 9
- PRELIMINARY INTRODUCTION 9
- References 12
- Executive Summary 13
- BANGLADESH 13
- 1. Introduction 14
- 2. Economic Overview Analysis 15
- 3. Analysis of Deindustrialization Phenomenon 17
- 4. The Adverse Impacts of Deindustrialization 25
- 5. The Bangladesh governments policy measure in response to hidden risk of deindustrialization 29
- 6. Conclusion and Suggestions 31
- References 32
- Executive Summary 33
- CAMBODIA 33
- 1. Introduction 34
- 2. Methodology 34
- 3. Economic Growth Background and Deindustrialization Trend 34
- 4. Deindustrialization Trends 36
- 5. Impact of Premature Deindustrialization on Productivity Performance 40
- 6. Policy Recommendation 42
- Conclusion 43
- References 44
- Executive Summary 46
- INDIA 46
- 1. Economic Overview and Analysis 47
- 2. Possibility of Deindustrialization 71
- 3. Counter measures and Strategies in response to Deindustrialization 75
- 4. Conclusion 78
- References 79
- Executive Summary 80
- MALAYSIA 80
- 1. Economic Overview 82
- 2. DEINDUSTRIALIZATION TRENDS 87
- 3. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PREMATURE DEINDUSTRIALIZA- TION IN MALAYSIA 109
- 4. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 121
- 5. CONCLUSION 126
- References 127
- Appendix 132
- Executive Summary 135
- PAKISTAN 135
- 1. Introduction 137
- 2. De-industrialization Trends 145
- 3. Causes and Risks of Premature Deindustrialization 150
- 4. Impact of Premature Deindustrialization on Productivity Performance 153
- 5. Self-Comparison Before and After the Observation Time 160
- 6. Policy Approach 162
- 7. Conclusion 170
- References 172
- Sources 175
- Appendices 176
- Appendix B 180
- Appendix C 189
- Executive Summary 192
- PHILIPPINES 192
- 1. Introduction 193
- 2. Analysis of Deindustrialization in the Philippines 200
- 3. Possible Causes of Philippine Deindustrialization 205
- 4. Policy Response and Recommendations 213
- 5. Conclusions 218
- References 220
- Executive Summary 221
- SRI LANKA 221
- 1. Economic Growth Background 222
- 2. Deindustrialization Trends 235
- 3. Impact of Premature Deindustrialization on Productivity Performance 241
- 4. Policy recommendations 246
- 5. Conclusion 248
- 6. Future Outlook 250
- References 251
- Executive Summary 252
- THAILAND 252
- 1. Background 253
- 2. Framework and Research Methodology 255
- 3. Thailand Economic Growth and Deindustrialization Trend Risk of Premature Deindustrialization Analysis 265
- Conclusion 289
- References 290
- Executive Summary 292
- TURKIYE 292
- Introduction 293
- 1. Background Statistics on Economic and Labor Productivity 294
- 2. Deindustrialization Trends 299
- 3. Impact of Premature Deindustrialization on Productivity Performance 307
- Conclusion 312
- References 313
- 1. Conclusion 316
- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 316
- 2. Policy Recommendations 322
- References 325
- Chief Expert 326
- National Experts 326
- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 326
- APO Secretariat 327
