U C B E R K E L E Y C E N T E R F O R L O N G - T E R M C Y B E R S E C U R I T Y C L T C W H I T E P A P E R S E R I E S Improving the Explainability of Artificial Intelligence THE PROMISES AND LIMITATIONS OF COUNTERFACTUAL EXPLANATIONS A L E X A N D E R A S E M O T A C L T C W H I T E P A P E R S E R I E S C L T C W H I T E P A P E R S E R I E S Improving the Explainability of Artificial Intelli. [...] vi 1 I M P R O V I N G T H E E X P L A I N A B I L I T Y O F A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COMPANIES • Compare the recommendations for counterfactuals to observed data to evaluate their accuracy and effectiveness. [...] However, counterfactuals are not often used in practice, partially due to the gap between methodological research and 13 I M P R O V I N G T H E E X P L A I N A B I L I T Y O F A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E applied practice. [...] org/10.1145/3287560.3287596 14 I M P R O V I N G T H E E X P L A I N A B I L I T Y O F A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E Conclusion The rise of AI/ML has led to a growing need for explainability and transparency from what are often opaque systems. [...] 15 I M P R O V I N G T H E E X P L A I N A B I L I T Y O F A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E Acknowledgments First, I’d like to acknowledge the UC Berkeley AI Policy Hub for graciously funding this work through the AI Security Initiative at the Center for Long-Term Cybersecurity (CLTC) and the CITRIS Policy Lab at the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Soci- et.
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Table of Contents
- Improving the Explainability 1
- THE PROMISES AND LIMITATIONS OF 1
- COUNTERFACTUAL EXPLANATIONS 1
- U C B E R K E L E Y 1
- C E N T E R F O R L O N G - T E R M C Y B E R S E C U R I T Y 1
- Improving the Explainability 3
- THE PROMISES AND LIMITATIONS OF 3
- COUNTERFACTUAL EXPLANATIONS 3
- Contents 5
- Executive Summary 7
- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGULATORS 7
- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LAWMAKERS 7
- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COMPANIES 8
- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCHERS 8
- 1. Introduction 9
- 2. Counterfactuals and Other 10
- Explanation Methods 10
- 3. Promises and Limitations of Counterfactual Explanations 13
- 3.1. WHAT MAKES A GOOD EXPLANATION 13
- 3.1 BENEFITS 14
- 3.3 LIMITATIONS 15
- 3.4 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 16
- 4. Recommendations 17
- 4.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGULATORS 17
- 4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LAWMAKERS 18
- 4.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COMPANIES 18
- 4.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCHERS 19
- Conclusion 21
- Acknowledgments 22
- About the Author 23
