In the second step (to join the SME program) the selection is driven by both the willingness of the CEO to apply to join the SME program, and by Bpifrance. [...] Data and descriptive statistics The first part of the Section is devoted to the presentation of data and the description of the supported firms, comparing the different cohorts of SME programs. [...] The year-end firm workforce also increases between the entry in the program and the year the firm exits from the program. [...] It consists of comparing the changes in the performance of the businesses in the supported group with that of the control group, before and after implementation of the program. [...] Thus, to take account for selection on unobserved variables, we consider as exclusion variables the age of the firm, the past variation in ROA and in the logarithm of the revenue.10 In a first step, we estimate three equations using data provided for the year preceding the entry in each of the three programs (2014 for PME1, 2015 for PME2, and 2016 for PME3).
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Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction 3
- 2. Related literature 4
- 3. The Bpifrance SME program and testable hypotheses 5
- 4. Data and descriptive statistics 7
- 5. Identification strategy 20
- 5.1. Econometric model 20
- .markuprate .ecorrate .capintens 20
- .sharerevenueexported 20
- .laborproductivity 20
- 5.2. Estimated differentiated equations 21
- 5.3. Expected effects and imposed restrictions on coefficients 22
- 5.4. Modeling selection in the program 23
- 6. Results and discussion 25
- 6.1. Findings 25
- 6.2. Discussion 34
- 7. Conclusion 34
- References 35
- Table A3b. 47
- Table A4a. 48
- Table A4a continued. 51
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