The anatomy of interoperability of data governance The need for coordination on cross-border data flows arises in a variety of areas of digital trade, which we describe in the first subsection. [...] The use of incompatible technical systems is also a risk to competition in the digital sector, if it is used to lock customers in and competitors out.11 The flip side of interoperability is the risk of stifling innovation towards higher standards. [...] The shift of these discussions to the realm of trade does not immediately solve the entrenched conflicts between the promise of the internet to connect humanity by bringing universal access to information on the one hand and the priorities of governments and powerful private actors on the other hand, e.g. [...] The UK Government is currently passing legislation to remove references to the EU-inherited right to data protection from the UK GDPR and replacing these instead with the more general right to privacy under the European Convention of Human Rights, which is not part of the EU. [...] This is different from data flows in digital trade, where the objective is to protect the human right to privacy of people in the country receiving the service.
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Table of Contents
- Digital trade and digital divides 1
- Diversity in domestic data governance 3
- The anatomy of interoperability of data governance 6
- A. Realms of digital trade that require coordination 6
- Business data in specific domains and industries 6
- Trade facilitation 7
- E-commerce (digitally ordered goods) 7
- Applications involving consumers and citizens 7
- New data-driven cross-cutting digital services 8
- B. Technical interoperability 8
- C. Data and internet governance 9
- Common elements of interoperability 9
- A. Legal mechanisms 9
- B. Data handling rules 9
- C. Rights of data subjects 9
- D. Oversight and accountability 10
- E. Enforcement and redress 10
- Conclusions 10
- A. The need for institutional cooperation 11
- B. The need for more inclusive trade policy 11
