In response to the potential economic implications of the Protocol and the digital trade challenges identified in Ghana, certain measures can be adopted to increase the economic benefits of the Protocol. [...] The graph indicates that the sector's value and share of the economy have moved in tandem over the years, suggesting that the growth in ICT owes not only to the growth of the overall economy but also to the increasing importance and expansion of the sector itself. [...] This information includes the full name and legal status of the business, the physical address, the phone and email contact, membership of any regulatory body, a 21 ODI Report sufficient description of the main characteristics of products and services, the total price of products and services, and the manner of payment. [...] • Tap on existing mechanisms and frameworks such as GPH’s Digital Trade Framework and the ODI/GPH Framework to assess the impact of the AfCFTA Protocol for a step-by-step guide on the core elements required to implement and roll out digital trade and digital transformation that is sustainable and implementable. [...] Table 5 Private and public sector perspectives on the AfCFTA and the Protocol on Digital Trade Government/regulatory bodies: Business community/private sector The Ministry of Communications and and industry groups: Digitalisation and the Postal and Ghanaian businesses, especially SMEs Courier Services Regulatory and start-ups, view the AfCFTA as a Commission (PCSRC) have shown gateway to new marke.
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Table of Contents
- Michelle Chivunga Derrick Abudu and Alberto Lemma 1
- October 2024 1
- Supporting Investment and Trade in Africa SITA 1
- About the authors 3
- 1 Introduction ................................................................................. 10 4
- 2 Ghanas digital economy ............................................................. 12 4
- 2.1 Digital trade and e-commerce ..................................................... 12 4
- 2.2 Ghanas ICT sector ..................................................................... 13 4
- 2.3 Digital trade and the fintech landscape in Ghana ....................... 16 4
- 3 Review of existing policies laws and regulations governing digital trade ............................................................................................ 21 4
- 3.1 Laws and regulations .................................................................. 21 4
- 3.2 Policies ........................................................................................ 25 4
- 3.3 Comparison with other countries ................................................. 25 4
- 3.4 Digital trade challenges for Ghana some existing gaps ............. 26 4
- 3.5 Areas for improvement for Ghana ............................................... 30 4
- 4 Ghanas technological infrastructure and e-commerce capabilities 4
- .................................................................................................... 31 4
- 4.1 Components and enablers of a digital trade ecosystem ............. 32 4
- 4.2 Digital payments .......................................................................... 35 4
- 4.3 Digital identity .............................................................................. 35 4
- 4.4 Digital technologies ..................................................................... 37 4
- 4.5 Digital platforms .......................................................................... 38 4
- 4.6 Digital skills ................................................................................. 38 4
- 5 Perceptions and understandings of the AfCFTA among 4
- 5.1 Expanding market horizons ......................................................... 39 4
- 5.2 E-commerce as a growth driver .................................................. 40 4
- 5.3 Digital infrastructure readiness .................................................... 40 4
- 5.4 Knowledge gap and capacity-building ......................................... 41 4
- 5.5 Regulatory clarity and support .................................................... 41 4
- 5.6 Perceptions of the regulatory environment ................................. 42 4
- 5.7 Additional benefits of the AfCFTA Protocol ................................. 43 4
- 5.8 Awareness of the AfCFTA Protocol ............................................ 43 4
- 5.9 Capacity for handling digital trade ............................................... 44 4
- 5.10 Involvement in negotiations and preparations ............................. 44 4
- 5.11 Policy and regulatory framework ................................................. 44 4
- 5.12 Infrastructure readiness and challenges ..................................... 45 4
- 5.13 Barriers to digital trade ................................................................ 45 4
- 5.14 Skilled labour and innovation policies ......................................... 46 4
- 5.15 Collaboration for implementation ................................................ 47 5
- 5.16 Support and capacity-building initiatives ..................................... 47 5
- 6 Estimating the potential impacts of the Protocol on Digital Trade on Ghanas economy ....................................................................... 49 5
- 6.1 Estimating the potential impacts of increased digital penetration on Ghanas economy ....................................................................... 51 5
- 6.2 Estimating the potential impacts of the AfCFTA and increased 5
- 7 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations ................................ 54 5
- 7.1 Conclusion .................................................................................. 54 5
- 7.2 Policy recommendations ............................................................. 54 5
- References .................................................................................................. 56 5
- Executive summary 7
- 1 Introduction 10
- 2 Ghanas digital economy 12
- 2.1 12
- Digital trade and e-commerce 12
- 2.1.1 Digital trade 12
- 2.1.2 E-commerce 13
- 2.2 13
- Ghanas ICT sector 13
- 2.2.1 ICT goods exports 14
- 2.2.2 ICT workers and productivity 15
- 2.3 16
- Digital trade and the fintech landscape in Ghana 16
- 3 Review of existing 21
- 3.1 21
- Laws and regulations 21
- 3.1.1 Electronic Transactions Act 2008 21
- 3.1.2 Electronic Communications Act 2008 22
- 3.1.3 Cyber Security Act 2020 22
- 3.1.4 Data Protection Act 2012 23
- 3.1.5 Payment Systems and Services Act 2019 23
- 3.2 25
- Policies 25
- 3.3 25
- Comparison with other countries 25
- 3.4 26
- Digital trade challenges for Ghana some existing 26
- 3.4.1 Regulatory complexity 27
- 3.4.2 Data privacy and security concerns 27
- 3.4.3 The digital divide and inclusivity 28
- 3.4.4 Uncertain data protection 29
- 3.4.5 Harmonisation of digital trade regulations 29
- 3.4.6 Enforcement capacity 30
- 3.5 30
- Areas for improvement for Ghana 30
- 4 Ghanas technological 31
- 4.1 32
- Components and enablers of a digital trade 32
- 4.1.1 Digital infrastructure 33
- 4.1.2 Connectivity 33
- 4.2 35
- Digital payments 35
- 4.3 35
- Digital identity 35
- 4.4 37
- Digital technologies 37
- 4.5 38
- Digital platforms 38
- 4.6 38
- Digital skills 38
- 5 Perceptions and 39
- 5.1 39
- Expanding market horizons 39
- 5.2 40
- E-commerce as a growth driver 40
- 5.3 40
- Digital infrastructure readiness 40
- 5.4 41
- Knowledge gap and capacity-building 41
- 5.5 41
- Regulatory clarity and support 41
- 5.6 42
- Perceptions of the regulatory environment 42
- 5.7 43
- Additional benefits of the AfCFTA Protocol 43
- 5.8 43
- Awareness of the AfCFTA Protocol 43
- 5.9 44
- Capacity for handling digital trade 44
- 5.10 44
- Involvement in negotiations and preparations 44
- 5.11 44
- Policy and regulatory framework 44
- 5.12 45
- Infrastructure readiness and challenges 45
- 5.13 45
- Barriers to digital trade 45
- 5.14 46
- Skilled labour and innovation policies 46
- 5.15 47
- Collaboration for implementation 47
- 5.16 47
- Support and capacity-building initiatives 47
- 6 Estimating the potential 49
- 6.1 51
- Estimating the potential impacts of increased 51
- 6.2 52
- Estimating the potential impacts of the AfCFTA 52
- 7 Conclusions and policy 54
- 7.1 54
- Conclusion 54
- 7.2 54
- Policy recommendations 54
- References 56
