THE NATURE OF CONFLICT AND PEACE THE LINKS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT, SECURITY AND PEACE AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR THE UNITED NATIONS REPORT: The nature of conflict and peace: The links between environment, security and peace and their importance for the United Nations Suggested citation Rüttinger, Lukas; Raquel Munayer, Pia van Ackern, and Florian Titze: The nature of conflict and peace. [...] Both the theft of refined oil abandoned the mine in the face of the products and illegal pipeline tapping are negatively conflict and the environmental impacts impacting communities and the environment. [...] The toxic chemicals the region is threatening the movement of crucial that polluted water, air and soil have continued fish stocks out of the Pacific economic zones, and to harm and kill both people and biodiversity for into the economic zones of powerful economies, decades and continue to pose an environmental such as the US. [...] In the already highly water-stressed majority of its emissions.194 Rough estimates Middle East region, the ongoing conflict between looking into the carbon footprint of some of the Israel and Palestine is an example of this: the world’s biggest militaries, such as the US, UK blockade on Gaza has led to overdrawing of and EU and its Member States conclude that the underlying coastal aquifers and th. [...] In Yemen, the lacking institutional capacity in light of ongoing conflict and multiple In the 1990s, up to 90% of the marshlands of related social, political and economic crises has led Southern Iraq – which covered an area of up to 2 to an increased degradation of its natural reserves, 20,000 km around the confluence of the Tigris and and impeded the advancement of protection and Euphrates rivers.
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Table of Contents
- THE NATURE OF CONFLICT AND PEACE 1
- THE LINKS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT SECURITY AND PEACE AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR THE UNITED NATIONS 1
- CONTENTS 3
- THE NATURE-SECURITY NEXUS KEY PATHWAYS 5
- RECOMMENDATIONS 6
- 1. BACKGROUND AND SCOPE 9
- SCOPE OF THE REPORT AND KEY QUESTIONS 12
- 2. THE NATURE-SECURITY NEXUS KEY PATHWAYS 15
- Infobox 1 What are biodiversity and ecosystems 16
- 2.1 ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERSITY LOSS LIVELIHOOD INSECURITY AND INSTABILITY 17
- Infobox 2 Environmental change and disease outbreaks 22
- 2.2 THE ENVIRONMENT CONFLICT FINANCING AND ORGANISED CRIME 23
- Infobox 3 Legal mining and conflict 25
- 2.3 COMPETITION AND CONFLICTS AROUND NATURAL RESOURCES 28
- Infobox 4 Environmental defenders are increasingly victims of crime violence and conflict 28
- Whether increased competition over natural resources escalates into conflict depends on a number of risk factors 30
- Infobox 5 Fossil fuel resources the green transformation and energy security 31
- 2.4 THE IMPACTS OF WAR AND CONFLICT ON THE ENVIRONMENT 34
- 2.5 CONCLUSION THE NEED FOR A COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AGENDA 37
- 3. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE UNITED NATIONS 39
- UNSC 40
- UNGA 40
- UNDP AND UNEP 41
- IOM AND UNHCR 42
- ROME-BASED AGENCIES WFP FAO AND IFAD 42
- PBF AND PBC 44
- 4. REFERENCES 46
- OUR MISSION IS TO CONSERVE 52
- NATURE AND REDUCE THE MOST PRESSING THREATS TO THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE 52
- ON EARTH. 52